RBSE IMPORTANT POINTS - 8

History of Marathas

1.    Marathas were skilled in guerilla warfare strategy.

2.   Shivaji was born on 20th April, 1627 CE in Shivner Fort. He was the son of Shahaji Bhonsle's first wife Jijabai.

3.   Bijapur's Sultan sent his commander Afzal Khan to eliminate Shivaji. During the talks of alliance, Afzal Khan tried to betray Shivaji, due to which Shivaji tore off his stomach using a Baghnakha.

4.   Shivaji attacked Mughal Viceroy Shaista Khan's camp in the night time, from where; Shaista Khan had to run away after losing his son and three fingers of his hand.

5.   Shivaji entered into a treaty with Jai Singh in 1665 CE which is renowned as the Treaty of Purander.

6.   In 1674 CE in Raigarh Fort, he enthroned himself as the independent king of Maharashtra and assumed the title of 'Chhatrapati'.

Vijayanagar Empire

1.    Harihara and'Bukka were the most famous, laid the foundation of Vijayanagar kingdom on the northern banks of river Tungabhadra.

2.   Vijayanagar can be identified from the remains called Hampi, which has been recognized as a World Heritage Protection site by UNESCO.

Bahmani Empire

1. In the south, the Bahmani empire and dynasty was founded by Muhammad Tughluq's officer named Hasan (Zafar Shah).

Influence and Development Sikhism (Including Gobind Singh, Banda Bairagi and Ranjit Singh)

1.    Guru Nanak Dev founded Sikhism and made his place among the leading religious and social reformers of the world.

2.   Guru Angad, who was the disciple of Guru Nanak, developed the Gurmukhi script and composed the Vani of Guru Nanak in the form of Guru Vani.

3.   Jahangir sentenced Guru Arjan Dev's to death as he had blessed his rebel son Khusro.

4.   When Guru Tegh Bahadur refused to adopt Islam, Aurangzeb ordered to cut his head off. For him, it is said that he gave off his head, but not his religion. In Chandni Chowk in Delhi, his memorial is renowned as Sis Ganj Gurudwara.

5.   Guru Gobind Singh established the Khalsa order in 1699 CE. Guru Gobind Singh made mandatory for Khalsa Sikhs to keep five "Kakaras", i.e. Kada, Kesh, Kutch, Kripan and Kangha. Due to the possibility of war with Aurungzeb, he opened a military centre in Anandpur Sahib in 1699 CE.

6.   Banda Bairagi (Bahadur) was the disciple of Guru Gobind Singh and a great warrior, courageous and protector of law. He bravely confronted the Mughals and infused new vitality among the Sikhs.

7.   Ranjit Singh was the greatest ruler of Sikh empire.