India
during the Sultanate period (1206-1526)
1.
India was continuously attacked by
foreign invaders. In 712 CE, a fierce battle took place between Muhammad bin
Qasim and Dahir, the king of Sindh.
2.
Mahmud Ghaznavi had to fight fiercely
against the'royal rulers of Kashmir Jayapala and Anandapala. Muhammad Ghori was
defeated several times by Prithviraj Chauhan. But, due to certain
circumstances, Muslim rule started in India by 1206 CE.
3.
Qutb ud din aibak (1206 CE - 1210 CE)
was coronated in 1206 CE. He is also known as 'Lakhbaksh'. He was the founder
of slave dynasty/ Ghulam Dynasty.
. Aibak built the first storey of Qutub Minar. Rest of its part was
completed by Itutmish.
4.
Balban (1265
CE - 1286 CE) of slave dynasty started the practice of Sijda and Paibos (bowing in front of the
emperor and kissing his feet) in the royal court.
5.
Jalal-ud-din Firuz Khilji (1290 CE -
1296 CE) was the first ruler of Khilji dynasty.Alauddin Khilji got himself
mentioned as 'The Second Alexander' on the coins issued by him. Hammir Dev Chauhan (1282 CE - 1301 CE) of Ranthambore had a fierce battle with Alauddin Khilji. Alauddin
Khilji is known for market reforms.
6.
In 1320 CE, Ghazi Malik (Ghiyas ud-Din
Tughluq) became the Sultan of Delhi after assassinating Khusro Shah the last
Khilji ruler and laid the foundation of Tughluq dynasty.
7.
Muhammad Tughluq name was associated
with various titles, such as- "An astonishing mix of Contradictions",
"Thirsty of Blood", etc. Ziauddin Barni mentions five major policies
of the Sultan- Tax increase in Doab, making Devagiri as the capital,
circulation of token currency, attack upon Khorasan and expedition towards Karachil.
8.
The most important achievement of Firuz
Tughluq was digging of canals.
9.
Turkish invader Timur Lang invaded
India and plundered Delhi during Nasiruddin Mehmud the last ruler of Tughlaq
dynasty.
10.
Timur conquered Delhi and appointed
Khizr Khan as his representative. Khizr Khan founded the Sayyid dynasty.
11.
Bahlul Khan Lodi occupied Delhi from Sayyid
ruler in 1451 CE. For the first time after the Turks, Afghan dynasty ruled upon
Delhi.
12.
In the First Battle of Panipat in 1526
CE, the Ibrahim Lodi was defeated by Babur. This battle proved to be a landmark
in history and Mughal dynasty was established in India.
India during the Mughal Period (1526 CE-1858 CE)
1.
Battle of Khanwa took place
between Babur and Rana Sanga in March, 1527 CE. Babur fought this battle using
Tulghuma strategy and gave the slogan of 'Jihad'. After standing victorious,
Babur gained the title of Ghazi.
2.
Babur had composed a book named
Baburnama or Tuzk-e-Babri in Turkish language.
3.
Battle of Chausa took place
between Humayun and Sher Khan in 1539 CE, in which the Mughals were defeated.
4.
The Second Battle of Panipat took
place between Afghan commander Hemu and Mughal representative Bairam Khan on
5th, November, 1556 CE.
5.
The world famous Battle of
Haldighati took place in 1576 CE in which Maharana Pratap (Mewar) fought
against the Mughal army which was led jointly by Man Singh and Asaf Khan.
6.
Fatehpur Sikri remained the royal
capital from 1569 CE to 1584 CE. Buland Darwaza built on the southern gate of
the mosque was built to commemorate Akbar's victory over Gujarat.
7.
Jahangir occupied the Mughal
throne at Agra Fort in 1605 CE. Jahangir built the Peacock Throne
(Takht-i-Taus).
8.
British ambassador Captain
Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe visited Jahangir court.
9.
Shah Jahan
was coronated in Agra in February, 1628 CE. In 1657 CE, Aurangzeb imprisoned
Shah Jahan in Agra Fort.
10. Aurangzeb appointed king Jai Singh as the
Governor of Deccan. Treaty of Purandar took place between Shivaji and king Jai
Singh in 1665 CE.
11. Aurangzeb
ordered to demolish Hindu temples in 1669 CE. In 1679 CE, Aurangzeb imposed Jazia(tax)on Hindus.
12. After
the death of Aurangzeb, the Mughal dynasty got incapable and weak successors,
due to which the Mughal Empire started to decline gradually.
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