RBSE IMPORTANT POINTS AND QUESTIONS - 9

Retaliation and Struggle against British Empire

1.   East India Company was formed in 1600 CE.

2.  In 1612 CE, the East India Company established its first permanent trading hub in Surat. Before 1757 CE, the British defeated other European companies and established their supremacy.

3.   Battle of Plassey took place on 23^rd June, 1757 CE, in which the Britishe East India Company emerged victorious and the Nawab was killed.

4.  Battle of Buxar took place on 22^nd October, 1764, in which the Mir Jafar the Nawab of Bengal was defeated and the Britishers emerged as victorious.

5.  In the third Battle of Panipat on 14^th January, 1761, the Maratha power suffered a setback. Only the Marathas were capable of stopping the British from occupying India.

6.   In the Third Anglo-Maratha War 1818, Marathas were defeated and the post of Peshwa was eliminated. Peshwa was sent to Bithoor after being granted a pension of eight lakhs, where he died in 1852 CE.

7.    In April 1799 CE, Wellesley started a campaign against Tipu. The Srirangapatnam fort was occupied on 4^th May, 1799 in Fourth Anglo-Mysore War and Mysore lost its independence.

8.   After Second Anglo-Sikh War 1849 CE, Dalhousie annexed Punjab in British India.

Freedom Struggle of 1857

1.   In his book "War of Indian Independence", Dr Vinayak Damodar Savarkar has called this struggle as the Indian war of independence.

2.  On 29^th March, 1857, a soldier named Mangal Pandey revolted in Barrackpore Cantt, he refused to use fat-coated cartridges.

3.  On 10^th May, the soldiers in Meerut cantonment, revolted openly and assassinated their officers by shooting them later proceeded towards Delhi.

4.  The soldiers occupied Delhi on 12^th May. Bahadur Shah II was declared as the Indian Emperor.

5.  On 5^th June 1857 CE, the revolutionaries occupied Kanpur and declared Nana Saheb as the Peshwa.

6.  Revolution took place in Jhansi in June 1857. Rani Laxmi Bai was declared the ruler of the state. On 17^th June 1858, Rani Laxmi Bai received martyrdom while confronting the British army.

7.  In Bihar, this revolution was led by a landlord named Kunwar Singh who hailed from Jagdishpur and was 80 years old.

8.  Tatya Tope was an important figure in revolt of 1857.

Tribal Rebellions in Bengal and Eastern India

1.               Sanyasi Rebellion (1769 - 70 CE): In Bengal against the ban imposed on travel for pilgrimages. Warren Hastings crushed this revolt. This is mentioned in a novel "Anand Math" composed by Bankim Chandra Chatteree.

2.        Kol Rebellion: The Kol tribe revolted against the exploitation which was born out of British maladministration in Jharkhand.

3.        Santhal Rebellion : Santhal rebellion was an important mass revolt against the British rule during 1855 - 1856 CE. This revolt was led by two brothers named Sindhu and Kanhu.

4.        Ramosi Rebellion: Ramosi was a tribe residing in the Western Ghats.

           Leader Chittar Singh.

Contribution of Revolutionary Organization in Freedom Movement

1.Revolutionary activities were started in Maharashtra by a government employee named Vasudev Balwant Phadke. Phadke was arrested and sent to Adan (Arabia) jail in 1879 CE, where he died in 1889.

2. Chapekar Brothers assassinated plague commissioner Rand and Lieutenant Ayerst  who were busy spreading terror amongst the masses instead of helping the plague victims in Pune. The Chapekar Brothers were arrested and hanged.

3. Shyamji Krishna Varma was the first to take the initiative of establishing a revolutionary organization named India House for attaining freedom outside the country in London.

4. Veer Savarkar was the only Indian revolutionary who was sentenced for not one, but two life imprisonments by the British government. He formed an organization named "Mitra Mela". Savarkar spend a long time of his life in the Cellular Jail of Andaman.