Chapter No. 4
Social Reformers
and Religious Renaissance
Important Points
1. Bhakti Movement :
There has been a long and strong tradition of Bhakti in
India.
The origin of Bhakti is considered to be firstly from south India and the
devotees of Lord Vishnu played a vital role in this movement. These were the
main sects in existence in the Medieval and Pre-Medieval Period— Shaiva Sect, Vaishnava
Sect and Sufism.
Shaiva
Sect : The devotees of Lord Shiv were called to be Shaiva. The
followers of Shaiva sect in the South were called to be Naynar.
Vaishnava Sect :
The devotees of Lord Vishnu were called to be Vaishnava and the followers of
Lord Vishnu in South India was called to be Alvars.
Sufism :
Islamic mysticism is known as Sufism. The literal meaning of'Suf is 'wool'. The
Sufi saints used to wear white cloak like wool. So, they were called to be
Sufi. Sufi sect and Hindu ideology were extremely similar on the level of
beliefs and customs and traditions.
In Medieval age, these three sects
played a vital role in social and religious Renaissance.
2. William Johns and Max Muller
translated so many Indian epics into English.
3. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the propagator of Indian
Renaissance.
4. Social and religious
reformative movement played a vital role in the National Freedom Movement in
India
5. Raja Ram Mohan Roy started
Brahmo Samajo on August 20, 1828 and Swami Dayananda Saraswati established Arya
Samaj in 1875.
Raja
Ram Mohan Roy went
to William Bentick and got him pass a law in 1829 AD to declare Sati tradition
to be illegal. Under the influence of Brahma Samaj, Atma Ram Pandurang founded Prarthana
Samaj in 1867.
6. The World’s Religion’s
Conference in 1893 at Chicago portrayed Vivekananda as the greatest person in the
world.
Swami Vivekanand founded the Ramkrishna Misson in 1897.
7. In 1874, Swami Dayananda
Saraswati composed ‘Satyarth Prakash’ in Hindi during his stay in Udaipur. The childhood name of Swami Dayanand
Saraswati was Mool Shankar.
8. Swami Dyananda Saraswati was
the first man to use the word ‘Swarajya’.
9. In the year 1883 Swami
Dayananda Saraswati died in Ajmer
10. AcharyaTulsi was the
precursor of Anuvrat Movement. It is a moral movement which is not associated with
any of the religion or community
Questions -
3. Who published 'Samvad
Kaumudi'?
Ans. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
5. What was the childhood name
of Swami Dayananda Saraswati ?
Ans. Mool Shankar was the
childhood name of Swami Dayananda Saraswati.
6. Who was the founder of the
Anuvrat Movement ?
Ans. AcharyaTulsi was the
precursor of Anuvrat Movement.
7. When was Swami Vivekanad born
?
Ans. He was born on January 12,
1863 AD in Kolkata.
8. Where was Swami Dayananda
Born ?
Ans. He was born in 1848 AD at
Tankara in Morbi region of Guajarat
9. Who founded the Adi Brahmo
Samaj ?
Ans. Debendranath Tagore
12. Who started the Anuvrat
movement ?
Ans. in 1949 Acharya Tulsi
launched the Anuvrat Movement in Sardarsahar (Churu District).
13. What is the meaning of
Anuvrat ?
Ans. ‘Anu’ means very small particles
and’vrat’ means law.
Chapter No. 5
Major Events of
the World
Important Points
1. Glorious
Revolution took place England in 1688 AD. Freedom struggle of USA took place in
1776 AD.
2. Freedom, equality and
brotherhood was the message of French revolution (1789).
3. Russia pulled out of World
War I, signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, conceding much land to Germany,
4. In 1917, under the leadership
of Lenin the Bolsheviks ended the Tsar government.
5. Before First World War,
Europe was divided into two groups due to secret alliance.
6. The cause of First World War
was the assassination of Austrian Prince Ferdinand in Serbia.
7. The humiliating and harsh
conditions of the Versailles Treaty were the main reason of the Second World
War. In
1920 AD, League of Nations got its legal existence. 32 countries of the world
were its founder members, who signed the Versailles Treaty. Later on, this
number reached to 55 countries.
8. Attack on Poland by Germany
on September 1st 1939 was the contemporary cause of Second World War. America
dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in
August 1945 during the final stage of World War II. In Second World War, Pearl
Harbour anAmerican Naval center was destroyed by Japan.
9. After Second
world war, Army groups were established in the world. Under the leadership of
America, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), the organisation devoted to
democracy. SouthEast Asia Treaty organisation (SEATO) and organisation of
communist countries called 'Warsaw Pact' were formed.
10. After World War
II on October 24, 1945, United Nations Organisation came into existence to save
the world for war. 24th October is celebrated as UN day.
11. Secretary General is an
important post in UNO
12. Constituent bodies of
the UNO: According to the Para 7 of the charter of the UNO, it has 6 constituent
bodies. They are :
(1)
General Assembly.
(2)
Security Council.
(3)
Economic and Social Council.
(4)
Trusteeship Council.
(5)
International Court of Justice.
(6)
The Secretariat.
India played an important role in helping UNO
by providing different services.
13. International
Court of Justice was set up in 1946 in The Hague city of Holland.
14. The main aim of Arab Spring
was to bring change in government and administration in Arab.
15. The mission of
Arab spring was the protection of human rights, system of free elections,
abolition of unemployment and conversion into Islam. Arab agitators adopted
both, violent and non violent methods. Hosni Mubarak in Egypt, Colonel Gaddafi
in Lybia and Saleh Ali Abdullah in Yaman were overthroned.
Chapter No. 6
Nationalism in
India
Important Points
1. The knowledge of
India’s dignified history and glorious culture was brought through the
translation of Sanskrit books into English by western scholars-William Jones,
Princess, Max Muller, and Ferguson.
2. In 1861 AD,
archaeological survey and excavation was started under the leadership of
Cunningham.
3. Lord Macaulay is
known for spreading English education and language in India.
4. Policies of Lord
Lytton aroused dissatisfaction amongst the Indians.
5. Indian poets and
writers composed literature full of patriotism. 'Anand Math' and 'Neel Darpan'
plays were staged, which encouraged Nationalism.
6. The publication
of first newspaper in Hindi 'Udant Martand' was started in 1826 AD.
7. To fulfill imperialistic
ambition, Lord Wellesley merged the local states like Jhansi, Nagpur, Satara,
Avadh into British empire. Charter Act in 1813 AD, Christian missionaries were
given the right to live in India and spread their religion. Indian soldiers
also got inspiration from the defeat of British army in the Cremian War.
8. The immediate reason for the
freedom struggle in 1857 was the pig and cow fat-plated cartridges
9. Among the main heroes of the
struggle for freedom in 1857 were - Rani Lakshmi Bai, Nana Saheb, Tantya Tope,
Kunwar Singh, Bahadur Shah Zafar, etc.
10. The expanse of 1857 freedom
struggle was up to the many states of South India, like Maharashtra, Hyderabad,
Madras, etc
11. The expanse of the revolution
of 1857 in Rajasthan was up to Naseerabad, Neemuch, Deoli, Tonk, Erinpura and
Kota.
12. Veer Sawarkar called the
freedom struggle of 1857 as the ‘First War of Independence’
Rajasthan
13. Thakur Kushal
Singh of Auwa was the bitterest enemy of the British. He severely defeated the
Jodhpur state and British army during his struggle against the British rulers.
Questions
1. Who was the writer of'Bharat
Ka Pratham Swatantrata Sangram':
(a) R. P. Majumdar (b) Ashok
Mehta (c*) Veer Savarkar (d) Dada Bhai
2. Major Burton was a political
agent in :
Ans. Kota
3. Who led the struggle for
freedom in 1857?
Ans. Bahadur Shah Zafar
4. On which date was the
revolution started?
Ans. 10th May 1857
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