tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87654801346368644502024-03-20T00:50:03.907-07:00 SOCIAL SCIENCEsatish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.comBlogger57125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-444432149232938632018-10-22T22:52:00.000-07:002018-10-22T22:52:04.352-07:00State government<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In a state, the legislature, executive
and state judiciary is collectively known as state government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In every state, there is a house formed
by elected representatives who are elected by the citizens on the basis of
adult franchise. This house of the legislature is known as Legislative Assembly
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Vidhan Sabha).</b> Those states which
have the second house of the legislature also are known as Legislative Council <b>(Vidhan
Parishad)</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">At present, seven states of Indian Union have bicameral
legislatures. These<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">include Uttar Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Maharashtra,
Karnataka, Bihar,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and the remaining states have
unicameral<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">legislature.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In these seven states which have bicameral legislatures,
following are the three<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">organs of the state legislature-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Governor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Legislative
Assembly (First or lower house)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>3. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Legislative Council (Second or upper
house) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Formation of Legislative Assembly <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Number of
members</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The maximum
number of members of the legislative assembly is 500 and their minimum number
is 60. For election process, the state is geographically divided into
constituencies in such manner that every member of the legislative assembly
represents a minimum of 75,000 number of population.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Reservations</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>According
to 95<sup>th</sup> constitutional amendment of 2009, reservation of seats for
scheduled castes and scheduled tribes has been provided in state legislative
assemblies till January, 2020 CE.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>After the
appointment of state legislative assembly, if the President feels that the
Anglo-Indian community has not been given representation, then he can nominate
one member from this community in the legislative assembly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Termination of membership of the
members</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Membership
of both the houses of the State legislature can be terminated in any of the
following conditions:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>If
a person is elected as the member of both the houses of the state legislature,
then he/she will have to resign from the membership of any one house. In the
same way, no person is entitled to assume the office as a Member of Parliament
and the legislative assembly of a state at one time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>A
person can be terminated if he/she remains absent for a continuous period of 60
days from the meetings of the respective house of the legislature without prior
permission.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>After
being elected as a member of any house, if it is felt that the person does not
have the required qualification or some fixed incapability emerges in that
person, he/ she can be terminated from membership.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Tenure </b>: The tenure of
the stale legislative assembly is 5 years. The Governor can dissolve it even
before the completion of its term. But if a declaration of emergency is in
process, then the Parliament can lawfully extend die term of state legislative
assembly which cannot he for more man one year in a single instance and in any
condition, This term cannot be for more man 6 months after the termination of
declaration of emergency.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Officers:</b> Every
state's legislative assembly has two chief officers- (i) Speaker and (ii)
Deputy Speaker. These both are elected from amongst the members of the
legislative assembly and they remain in office till the legislative assembly
remains in existence. Between <i>its </i>tenure, the Speaker can give his
resignation to the Deputy Speaker and the Deputy Speaker can give his
resignation to the Speaker. Both these officers can be removed from their
office by a motion passed by majority of members of legislative assembly, but
it is mandatory to provide a notice regarding such motion 14 days in advance to
the Speaker pr the Deputy Speaker (one who has to be removed).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Formation
of the Legislative Council</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
legislative assembly has the power to recommend the Parliament regarding the
creation and dissolution of the legislative council. According to section 169,
if the legislative assembly passes a motion by majority of its entire number of
members or if it passes the motion by two-third of its present and voting
members, then the Parliament forms law regarding the creation or dissolution of
the legislative council of that particular state.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Number
of members</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Legislative
council is the first or upper house of the state legislature. It has been
provided in the constitution that the number of members of the legislative
council of each state will not be more than one-third of the number of members
of the legislative assembly, but along with this, it has also been provided
that in any condition, this number cannot be less than 40. Essentially, the
state of Jammu and Kashmir has been excluded in this context.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Election
and nomination of members</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>About 5/6th
members of the legislative council are elected and the remaining about 1/6<sup>th</sup>
members are nominated by governor. These members of the legislative council are
elected indirectly and their election is held by single transferable vote
method through proportional representation system. Following electoral colleges
conduct the election of members of the legislative council:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>1.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Electoral College of local
institutions: </b>Approximately l/3<sup>rd</sup> number of members are elected
by municipalities, Zila Parishads and other such local institutions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Electoral College of legislative
assembly: </b>Members of legislative assembly elect approximately l/3<sup>rd</sup>
number of members from amongst such persons who are not the members of the
legislative assembly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>3.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Electoral College of Graduates: </b>This
is an electoral college consisting of educated people who reside in the state,
who have passed the examination of graduate level and a time period of three
years has passed since these persons became graduates. This Electoral College
elects approximately l/12<sup>lh</sup> part of the total number of members.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>4.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Electoral College of Teachers: </b>In
this College, those teachers are included who have taught for the last three years
in a primary school or a higher school in the state. This Electoral College
elects approximately 1/12th part of the total number of members.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>5.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Members nominated by the Governor: </b>Approximately
5/6th part of the total number of members is elected through the above mentioned
process and approximately 1/6th part of the total number of remaining members
is nominated by the Governor. Such members are experts from the field of
literature, science, art, community and social service.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>6.</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Tenure:
</b>The legislative council is a permanent body with the point of view of
dissolution and it also cannot be dissolved by the Governor. The tenure of
members of the legislative council is 6 years. After every two years, one-third
members retire from their post and new elections are made for the vacant seats.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">State Executive</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Governor,
Chief Minister and Council of Ministers- Functions and Powers</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Governor
and the council of ministers are included in the state executive. The Governor
is regarded as the supreme head of state executive. Contrary to this, in
practice, the Chief Minister and his council of ministers make the actual head
of the state executive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Governor- The Constitutional Head of the State</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Appointment
of the Governor- </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Governor assumes his/her office
after being appointed by the President. Term- 5 years. The President has the
power to remove the Governor even before the completion of his/her tenure of
five years or he/she can be transferred from one state to another. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Process
followed in appointment of the Governor:</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>i.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Governor should not be a
resident of that state for which he/she is being appointed as the Governor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ii.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Before the appointment of the Governor, the
central government has to take advice and acceptance from the Chief Minister of
that respective state.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Qualifications required for the post of
Governor and his salary:</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Two qualifications are mandatory for the post of Governor.
First, he/she should be a citizen of India. Second, he/she should be more than
35 years of age. A Governor cannot be a Member of Parliament or a member of
state legislature. If he/she is a member of any house then he/she will have to
resign from his/her post from the date he/she is appointed as the Governor.
He/She is also not allowed to hold any office of profit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Salary and allowances:</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">At present, the Governor receives a monthly salary of one
lakh and ten thousand INR. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Powers and Functions of the Governor</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The powers of the Governor are similar to those of the
President, except diplomatic, military and emergency powers". <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Executive
Powers: </b>He/She appoints the Chief Minister and on his advice, the council
of ministers. He/She appoints the advocate general and the Chairman and members
of State Public Service Commission. In context to the appointment of judges of
the High Court, the President takes advice from the Governor of the respective
state<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Legislative
Powers: </b>The Governor is an integral part of the state executive and he/ she
has significant legislative powers. He/She calls the meetings of the
legislature, postpones them and dissolves the legislative assembly which is the
lower house of the legislature. He/She presides upon the first meeting of the
legislature after the elections and also sends notifications to the
legislature.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Governor's
consent is mandatory on the proposal passed by the state legislative assembly.
He/She can reject any proposal and can send it back to the legislative Assembly
for reconsideration. If the legislative Assembly passes the proposal for the
second time, then the Governor is bound to accept it. In case of some
proposals, he/ she can retain them for consideration by the President.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>If the session of state legislature is not being conducted,
then he/she can issue an ordinance. This ordinance is equivalent to the laws
formed by the legislative Assembly in status. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Actual
Executive- The Council of Ministers</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
constitution has provided for parliamentary form of government for states also,
and in a parliamentary form of government, the actual legislative power vests
in the council of ministers, which is responsible to the state legislative
assembly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Formation
of the State Council of Ministers</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>1. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Appointment of the Chief Minister: </b>Appointment
of the Chief Minister is the first step in the formation of state council of
ministers. According to section 164, the Governor appoints the Chief Minister
and will then appoint the council of ministers with the advice of the Chief
Minister. The traditional principle followed in this regard is that the leader
of the party in majority in state's legislative assembly is appointed the Chief
Minister by the Governor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Selection of Ministers: </b>Other
ministers are selected by the Chief Minister and he provides the list of
respective ministers and their portfolios to the Governor. The Chief Minister
is exclusively responsible for the formation of council of ministers. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Chief Minister</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The head of
the state council of ministers is the Chief Minister. He/She is the actual head
of the state legislature. In the administration structure of the state, his/her
position is the same as that of the Prime Minister in the centre.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Appointment
of the Chief Minister: </b>According to section 164, just this has been
mentioned that the Governor will appoint the Chief Minister. But in practice,
Governor is bound to appoint the leader of majority party of the legislative
assembly as the Chief Minister. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Powers and Functions of the Chief Minister</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Cabinet is
the most important unit of the state government and the Chief Minister is the
head of the cabinet. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>1.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Formation of the cabinet: </b>The
foremost function of the Chief Minister is formation of the cabinet. The Chief
Minister selects the council of ministers and sends the list to the Governor
who accepts the list. To a large extent, the Chief Minister uses his/ her
discretion in the selection of ministers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Distribution and redistribution of
Portfolios: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Chief Minister distributes
portfolios amongst his/her council of ministers. Even after formation of
council of ministers and division of portfolios amongst them for one time,
he/she has the power to make changes and redistribute the portfolios amongst his/her
council of ministers whenever he/she wishes to do so.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>3.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Functioning of the council of
ministers: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Chief Minister calls and presides
upon the meetings of the council of ministers. He/She prepares the agenda for
the meeting. If the Chief Minister is significantly powerful, then the entire
proceeding of the council of ministers takes place as per his wish.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>4.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Leader of the legislative assembly: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Chief Minister is adorned with dual personality. On one
hand, he/she is the head of the government, and on the other hand, he is also
the leader of legislative assembly. In the form of leader of the legislative
assembly, he has important position in respect of formation of laws and to a
very large extent, the work of forming laws takes place as per his/her wish. In
the form of leader of the legislative assembly, he/she can also advice the
Governor to dissolve the legislative assembly. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>High Court</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>On state
level, the High Court is the highest judicial organization. According to
section 214, every state has its High Court. There can be a single High Court
for two or more than two states.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In the
beginning, High Courts were established in Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in the
year 1862 in India. Allahabad High Court was established in 1866. Al present, there
are 24 High Courts in India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Formation
of the High Court: </b>According to constitution every High Court will
constitute a Chief Justice and other such judges whom the President considers
suitable to be appointed. In the same way, the number of High Court judges will
also be determined by the President.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Appointment
of the Judges: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The President appoints the Chief
Justice and other judges of the High Court. The President appoints the Chief
Justice after taking advice from the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the
Governor, while the other judges are appointed by the President after taking
advice from the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the High Court and the
Governor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Qualifications
of the judges: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>He should be the citizen of India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>He
should have been on a judicial post in India for a minimum period of ten years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>He
should have been an advocate for a minimum of ten years in a High Court or any
two or more such courts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Tenure: </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>He will assume office till the age of 62
years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>He
can give his resignation by addressing it to the President.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>After
getting a resolution passed by special majority of the Parliament, A High Court
judge can be removed on order by the President.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Oath by the
Judges: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A High Court judge takes oath in front
of the Governor or a person authorized by him for the purpose. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Transfer of
Judges: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Transfer of High Court judges is made
by the President after taking advice by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Salary of
the judges: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Parliament fixes the salary of
every judge of the High Court by law. At present, the Chief Justice of the High
Court draws a monthly salary of 90,000 INR and other judges get a monthly
salary of 80,000 INR.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Jurisdiction
and Powers of the High Court- </b>Following is the description of jurisdiction
and powers of the High Court:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Original/Statuary Jurisdiction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Right
to issue writs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Appellate
Jurisdiction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>A
court of record<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>5.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Administrative
powers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>6.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Judicial
review<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Original jurisdiction: </b>This
refers firstly to the hearing of cases by the High Court. These include:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Disputes associated with appointment of
the members of Parliament and members of state legislature.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ii.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Disputes
associated with revenue collection.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Right to issue writs: </b>The
High Court has the right to issue writs such as Habeas Corpus, Mandamus,
Prohibition, Certiorari and Quo Warranto. As per section 32, the Supreme Court
can issue only those writs which are associated with fundamental rights, the
High Court has the power to issue writs regarding fundamental rights as well as
other rights. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Appellate jurisdiction: </b>Appellate
jurisdiction of the High Court can be divided into the following parts:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>i.
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Civil appellate jurisdiction: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Appeal can be made in the High Court against the decisions
made by the district court in cases associated with income tax, patent, design,
succession, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ii.
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Criminal appellate jurisdiction: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If a criminal is sentenced for four years of imprisonment or
death punishment by a session court, then an appeal can be made against such
decision in the High Court.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>iii.
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Constitutional appellate
jurisdiction: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Any such case in which there is a
question of interpretation of the constitution, can be presented in the High
Court.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Court
of record: </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Decisions
of the High Court are saved in the form of records and they will function as
laws for the subordinate courts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Administrative
powers: </b>Administrative powers of the High Court include the following:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>A High
Court may call for decisions made by a subordinate court and can evaluate and
examine them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ii. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is the duty of the High Court that it
ensures that some subordinate court does not violate its limit and is working
as per the provisions laid down by law.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>iii. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It can remove a case from one court and
transfer it to another court for consideration and verdict.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Judicial
review: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The High Court has the power to declare
the working of the central and state government and executive as valid or
invalid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /></div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-5705251035021927802018-10-22T22:50:00.003-07:002018-10-22T22:50:58.916-07:00Central Government<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There are three organs of a government- <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Legislature</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Legislature is the first organ among the
three organs of the government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In context to Indian governance, system, the
legislature has been formed on two levels-(1) Union Legislature, and (2) State
Legislature. Our constitution has named the Union legislature as the
Parliament.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">According to the provision
of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Article 79</b> of the Indian
constitution, there is a parliament in the Indian Union which is formed jointly
by the President and the two houses namely- the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lok
Sabha : </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The maximum strength of the Lok Sabha can be 552. Out of
these, 530 members are elected from the constituencies of various states, a
maximum number of 20 members will be elected from the union territories and
maximum 2 members from Anglo-Indian community will be nominated by the
President. To become member of Lok Sabha one should be age of 25 years.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The interval between two
respective meetings of the Lok Sabha should not be more than 6 months.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">According to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Article 93</b> of the constitution, the Lok
Sabha itself will appoint a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker from among its
members.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rajya Sabha: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">maximum number of members of
Rajya Sabha is 250, but at present time, it is 245. Out of these, 12 members
are nominated by the President. Rajya Sabha is a permanent House which is never
suspended. The tenure of its members is 6 years and one-third of Rajya Sabha
members retire after a period of every two years. The Vice President is the
chairman of the Rajya </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sabha.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> According
to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Article 66,</b> the members of both
the Houses of Parliament elect the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vice
President.</b> He can be removed from office through such resolution which is
passed by majority by Rajya Sabha members and which is also passed by the Lok
Sabha. To become member of Rajya Sabha one should be age of 30 years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Points to remember:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Both the Houses of the Parliament
can remove the President from his office by the process of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">impeachment.</b> <b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Both the Houses of the
Parliament can pass a resolution to remove any judge of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Supreme or High Court</b> on the ground of
incapability or misconduct.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Article
352</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
of the constitution provided that if the President feels the probability of
conflict or maladministration in India or any part of India due to war,
external invasion or internal conflict, then he could impose National emergency
under the advice of cabinet ministers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">According to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Article 356,</b> if the President comes to know from the state Governor
or if he himself considers that such a condition has evolved that the
government of some state is not functioning as per the provisions of the
constitution, then he can declare an emergency in that state. To implement
declaration of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">emergency</b> done by the
President, it is necessary to take permission of both the Houses of the
Parliament within one month of such declaration. After six months, if it is
necessary to implement it again for the next <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">six months,</b> consent of both the Houses is required.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">According to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Article 109,</b> money bills can only be
presented in the Lok Sabha and not in the Rajya Sabha.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Article
368, </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">provides the provision for <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">amendments</b> in constitution.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">According to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Article 54,</b> the President of India is
indirectly elected by Electoral college which comprised<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the members of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha,
along with the members of the state legislatures and the union territories of
Delhi and Puducherry. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Term</b>- five
years. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Age</b>- 35 years. President is
the formal supreme head of the executive, while Prime Minister along with his
council of ministers is the actual head of the executive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Value
of each MLA vote =<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><m:rPr><m:scr
m:val="roman"/><m:sty m:val="p"/></m:rPr>Total population of state or UT</m:r></span></m:num><m:den><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><m:r><m:rPr><m:scr
m:val="roman"/><m:sty m:val="p"/></m:rPr>Total Number eleted members of
Legislative Assembly x 1000<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></m:r></span></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><!--[if !msEquation]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Value
of each MP vote =<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><m:rPr><m:scr
m:val="roman"/><m:sty m:val="p"/></m:rPr>The sum value of elected member
all the Legislative assemblies</m:r></span></m:num><m:den><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><m:r><m:rPr><m:scr
m:val="roman"/><m:sty m:val="p"/></m:rPr>The sum value of elected members
of both the houses of Parliament<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span></m:r></span></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><!--[if !msEquation]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -8.5pt; position: relative; top: 8.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">According to<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Article 61</b> of the Indian constitution,
in case if the President breaches the constitution, then he can be removed from
office through impeachment. The impeachment motion must be accepted <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by two-third majority by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>both the houses of Parliament.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The President of India is
the Supreme Commander of all the three forces.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The President has the power
to issue <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ordinances</b> when the
Parliament session is not in progress. These ordinances are valid for six
months.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">According to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Article 312</b> of the constitution, only
the Rajya Sabha has the power to provide the right to establish new <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">All India Services</b> to the central
government by passing a motion through two-third of its majority.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jurisdiction of Powers and
Functions of the Supreme Court<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In the beginning, there was
a provision of one Chief Justice and seven other judges for the Supreme Court
The number of judges including the Chief Justice was increased to<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 31</b> in the year 2008.The Indian
constitution has given immense power to the Supreme Court, which can be studied
under the following heads-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Original Jurisdiction:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Original jurisdiction of
the Supreme Court can be divided into the following two categories-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">a. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Original single jurisdiction- </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Original
single jurisdiction refers to those disputes which can be heard only by the Supreme
Court. Following subjects are included in the original single jurisdiction of
the Supreme Court- <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">i.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dispute
between the central government and one or more state governments, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ii.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dispute
between states of the Indian union.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">iii. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dispute between two or more than two states regarding
constitutional subjects.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">b. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Original concurrent jurisdiction- </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Both
the Supreme Court and the High Court have been given the right to implement the
fundamental rights provided by the constitution. Therefore, disputes regarding
these fundamental rights are firstly presented in the High Court of the
respective state or can directly be presented in front of the Supreme Court if
required.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Appellate
Jurisdiction:</b> Along with original jurisdiction, the constitution has also
provided appellate jurisdiction to the Supreme Court and it is the final court
of appeal of India. It has the authority to hear appeals against the decisions
made by the High Courts of all the states. Appellate jurisdiction of the
Supreme Court can be divided into the following four categories:
Constitutional, civil, criminal and specific.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Power of Judicial Review: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
constitution has also conferred the responsibility of protecting the
constitution to the Supreme Court. This means that the Supreme Court has the
authority to examine the validity of laws formed. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Article 131 and Article 132</b> gives the Supreme Court the authority
to review the laws formed by the union or state governments.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Different types of Writs
(order) by courts:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Habeas Corpus:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="background: white;">a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought
before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person's release unless
lawful grounds are shown for their detention.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mandamus:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="background: white;">a judicial writ issued as a command to an inferior
court or ordering a person to perform a public or statutory duty.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Prohibition</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">, <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Writ</span>:</span></b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An order from a
superior court to a lower court or tribunal directing the judge and the parties
to cease the litigation because the lower court does not have proper
jurisdiction to hear or determine the matters before it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Quo-Warranto Writ:</span></b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> It is a writ issued with a view to restraining a person from
acting in a public office to which he is not entitled. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Certiorari:</span></b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Certiorari is a writ issued from a superior court to an
inferior court or tribunal commanding the latter to send up the record of a
particular case.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<br /></div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-12487262311396594512018-10-22T22:49:00.003-07:002018-10-22T22:49:30.663-07:00Indian Constitution<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">After the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Battle of Plassey in 1757 AD</b> and the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Battle of Buxar in 1764 AD,</b> a large part of India went under the
control of East India company and the question that aroused in front of the
company was that through which laws must it rule over India? Since a long time,
the British Parliament used to form laws for the government, such as-Regulation
Act, Pitts India Act, Act of 1811, Government of India Act of 1909, Government
of India Act of 1919 and Act of 1935, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Back in 1928 Motilal Nehru and 8 others
congress leaders drafted a constitution for India, which was not accepted by
British government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">When the Second World War started in the
year 1939, the British government required Indian assistance in the war
greatly. Therefore, in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">'August offer'</b>
in 1940 AD, the British accepted the demand of formation of constitution by the
Indians for the first time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">In July 1945, the new government of
Labour Party came into power in England, which shortly gave indications for
making India free and formation of the constitution. In March 1946, the
government sent a three-member Commission to India, which is known as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">'Cabinet Mission'.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">At that time, India was divided into two
parts-British provinces and Princely states. Similar criteria of population was
kept for the membership of Constituent Assembly of princely states also, but as
there were no legislative assemblies in the princely states, therefore it was
decided to nominate the members of Legislative Assembly from there. In this
way, the Indian Constituent Assembly had both, elected and nominated members.
Election to the constituent assembly held in July 1946. Total members were 389.
In which 292 from British provinces, 93 from princely states and 4 from Chief
commissioner provinces.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">First meeting held on 9<sup>th</sup>
December 1946. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sachchidananda Sinha</b>
was elected as the interim President of the Constituent Assembly. On 11
December, 1946, Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rajendra Prasad</b>
was elected as the permanent President of the Constituent Assembly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Through the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">'Mountbatten Plan'</b> of 3 June 1947, it was decided to divide the
country on religious basis. Indian constituent assembly left with 299 members.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Various committees were formed to frame
the constitution, out of which, the Drafting committee, which was formed in
August 1947, was the most important. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dr.
B.R. Ambedkar,</b> who was a renowned advocate and an expert of legal matters,
was the Chairman of the seven-member Drafting Committee.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Bookman-Light; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Bookman-Light;">The
Assembly adopted the Constitution on 26 November 1949.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The
Constitution of India was enforced on 26 January 1950.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">In
the prime Constitution, there is one preamble (also known as introduction), 8
schedules, 22 parts and 395 articles. The numbers of schedules have been
increased from 8 to 12 at present.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Characteristics of Indian Constitution</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">1.
World's lengthiest Constitution.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">2.
Single Citizenship. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Bookman-Light; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Bookman-Light;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">3. Parliamentary Form of government: The
Prime Minister and Council of Ministers are responsible for their actions and
tenure towards the Legislature, i.e. the Parliament. Such system is known as
Parliamentary form.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">4. Independent Judiciary: The Supreme Court
has the right to review the constitution and protect the constitution.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">5. Universal Adult Franchise to all the
citizens without any discrimination.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">6. Fundamental Rights: Fundamental
rights are mentioned from article <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">13 to
35.</b> In original form, a total of seven fundamental rights were conferred,
but through the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">44th constitutional amendment
1978,</b> 'right to property' has been removed from the category of fundamental
rights and has been made a legal right.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">7. Directive Principles of State Policy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">8. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Various Sources of the Constitution:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">(a) The concept of fundamental rights
and the concept of independent and supreme judiciary is inspired by the
American constitution.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">(b) Parliamentary form has been derived
from the British constitution.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">(c) Republic has been derived from the
constitution of France,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">(d) The Directive Principles of State
Policy is inspired by Ireland.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-40340487938131613722017-11-26T21:21:00.003-08:002017-11-26T21:21:48.086-08:00RAJASTHAN NTSE STAGE 1 2017 PAPER<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT", serif; font-size: 12pt;">NTSE (STAGE-I) 2017 (SST) PAPER<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT", serif; font-size: 10pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Match List-I with
List-II correctly and choose the correct code from the following :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b> List-I List-II</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (A) Meeting of the Estates General (i) 20</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-text-raise: 4.0pt; position: relative; top: -4.0pt;">th</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> June, 1789<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (B) Bastille was destroyed on (ii) 4</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-text-raise: 4.0pt; position: relative; top: -4.0pt;">th</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> August, 1789<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (C) Abolishment of feudal system in France(iii) 14</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-text-raise: 4.0pt; position: relative; top: -4.0pt;">th</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> July, 1789<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (D) Swore of Tennis Court (iv) 4</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-text-raise: 4.0pt; position: relative; top: -4.0pt;">th</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> May, 1789<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Code:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A B C D<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) i ii iii iv<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) iv iii ii i<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) iv i ii iii<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) i iv iii ii<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">2. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The state of India where the Jallianwalla Bagh is situated,
in <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Haryana (2) Uttar Pradesh
(3) Punjab (4) Rajasthan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The German King in 1871 was<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
William I (2) Napoleon III (3) Frederick William IV (4) Emmanuel II <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">4.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Who discovered the spinning jenny?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
John Ke (2) T.E.
Nicholson (3) Raphael Samuel (4) James Hargreaves<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">5.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The year of the partition of Bengal was<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
1903 (2) 1905 (3) 1907 (4) 1909<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">6.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which one of the following countries was
not among the Allied Powers? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
England (2) France (3) Russia (4) Germany <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">7. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">When was the publication of Bengal Gazette initiated? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
1750 (2) 1780 (3) 1850 (4) 1880<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">8.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Consider the following Points:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (A)
Mahatma Gandhi started Salt March with his 78 confidential volunteers <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (B)
Mahatma Gandhi violated the Salt law at Dandi on April 20th, 1930<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Choose
the correct answer from the codes given below: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
only (A) (2) only (B) (3) both (A) and (B) (4) none of these <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">9.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> After which war the British rule was
founded in India?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Battle of Sabrao (2)
Battle of Panipat <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Battle of Plassey (4) Second
Anglo Mysore war.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">10.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> When was the Great Economic Depression
between the two World Wars held? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
1921 (2) 1929 (3) 1935 (4) 1939<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">11.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Who composed Ananda Math?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Rabindranath Tagore (2)
Munshi Premchand <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Mahatma Gandhi (4)
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">12. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">'Khadar' is found in <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
the northern mountain region (2)
Thar desert <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
the vast northern plain (4)
the peninsular plateau <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">13. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The rising place of the largest river of peninsular plateau
is <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Betul (2) Nasik (3) Jabalpur (4) Cuddalore <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">14.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The quantity of rainfall received on the
Western Ghats by south-west monsoon is <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
100 – 150 cm (2) 150 – 200 cm (3) 200 – 250 cm (4) above 250 cm <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">15.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In which Indian forest are silver, fir and
pine trees found? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Tropical deciduous forest (2)
Montane forest <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Mangrove forest (4)
Tropical evergreen rain forest <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">16.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Match List -I and List – II and choose the
correct code from the following: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>List
- I List - II </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (A)
Northern end (i) 8° 4</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">¢</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> N <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (B)
Southern end (ii) 37° 6</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">¢</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> N <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (C)
Eastern end (iii) 68° 7</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">¢</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> E<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (D)
Western end 1 (iv) 97° 25</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">¢</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> E <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Code:
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A B C D <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) ii iii iv i<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) i ii iv iii <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) ii i iv iii <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) iii ii i iv <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">17.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which of the
following is the major sugarcane producing state? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Uttar Pradesh (2) Rajasthan (3) West Bengal (4)
Madhya Pradesh <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">18.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Important deposits
of which mineral are found in Koraput in Odisha? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Iron one (2) Coal (3)
Copper (4) Bauxite <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">19.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In which year was
the first successful cotton textile mill established in India? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) 1853 (2) 1854 (3)
1855 (4) 1856<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">20.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Indian population
policy 2000 not includes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) free education (2)
free from diseases<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) reducing infant mortality rate
below 30 (4) increase the employment opportunities<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">21.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Gas transportation
pipeline which passes through Kota in Rajasthan is <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Guwahati - Barauni - Allahabad -
Kanpur <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) Barauni – Rajbandh - Haldia <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Hazira – Vijaipur – Jagdishpur <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) Salaya – Viramgam – Mathura – Delhi
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">22.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In which state of
India is red and yellow soil found?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Chhattisgarh (2)
Rajasthan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Jammu and Kashmir (4) None of
these <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">23.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In which House is
the finance bill (Money Bill) presented first? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Rajya Sabha (2) Lok Sabha
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
anywhere (4)
Reserve Bank of India <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">24.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Who among the
following is a part of the political executive? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) District Collector (2)
Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Home Minister (4)
Director General of Police <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">25.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which of the
following institutions can make changes to an existing law of our country? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Supreme Court of India (2)
International Court of Justice<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Prime Minister (4)
Parliament <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">26.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which one of the
following is considered as a fundamental right according to the Constitution of
India? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Right to work (2)
Right to adequate livelihood <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Right to protect one's culture (4)
Right to get higher education <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">27.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Match the following
in reference to constitution making process:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (A) B.N. Rao (i)
President of the Constituent Assembly<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (B) B.R. Ambedkar (ii)
Member of the Drafting Committee <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (C) Rajendra Prasad (iii)
Chairman of the Drafting Committee<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (D) T.T. Krishnamachari (iv) Legal
Advisor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) (A) - iv, (B) - iii, (C) - i, (D) -
ii<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) (A) - iv, (B) - ii, (C) - i (D) - iii<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) (A) - i, (B) - iii, (C) - iv, (D) -
ii<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) (A) - iii, (B) - iv, (C) - i, (D) -
ii <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">28.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Choose the correct
statement describing the word 'code of conduct': <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (A) A set of norms and guidelines to be
followed by Political Parties <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (B) A set of norms and guidelines to be
followed by candidates in Election <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (C) Guidelines for Election Commission <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (D) Compulsory voting for voters <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) A, B, C (2) A, B (3)
B, C (4) C, D <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">29.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> According to the
Constitution of India, how many maximum no. of judges can be appointed in
Supreme Court? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) 29 + 1 (2) 30 + 1 (3)
28 + 1 (4) 31 + 1 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">30.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> How many members
will be nominated in Legislative Council? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) 1/3 (2) 1/2 (3)
1/6 (4) 1/4 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">31.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> By which Article of
the Constitution of India is the Prime Minister appointed? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) 74th (2) 75th (3)
52nd (4) 61st <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">32.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The Vice-President
of India is elected by <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) elected members of Lok Sabha <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) all members of Rajya Sabha <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) elected members of Lok Sabha and
Rajya Sabha <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) all members of Lok Sabha, Rajya
Sabha and all state legislative assemblies
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">33.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Match List-I and
List-II and choose the correct code from the given codes: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> List-I List-II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (A) Union list (i) Computer
Software <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (B) State list (ii) Communications
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (C) Concurrent list (iii) Police <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (D) Residuary power (iv) Forests <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Code:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>A B C D</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) iii ii i iv<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) ii iii iv i<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) ii iv i iii<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) iv iii ii i<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">34.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The example of capital is<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Water (2) Forest (3) Climate (4) Machine. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">35.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The rabi crop is<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Jowar (2) Bajra
(Millet) (3) Maize (4) Wheat <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">36.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In India the currency note is issued by<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Reserve Bank of India (2)
State Bank of India <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
NABARD (4) Bank
of India <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">37.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The source of institutional credit is <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Money lender (2) Landlord (3) Bank (4) Relatives <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">38.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The example of tertiary sector is<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Agriculture (2)
Fisheries <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
making sugar from sugarcane (4)
Banking services. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">39.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The Government of India enacted the law of
"Right to Information" Act in<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
October, 2005 (2) November, 2006 (3) December, 2007 (4)
January, 2008. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">40.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The Multinational Company of India is<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Infosys (2) Asian
Paints (3) Tata Motors (4) All of these <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Answer key</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">4.</span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans.
(4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">6.</span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans.
(4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 28.35pt 141.75pt 255.15pt 368.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">8. Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">9.</span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans.
(3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 28.35pt 141.75pt 255.15pt 368.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">12.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">13.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">14.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">15.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">16.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">17.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">18.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">19.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">20.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">21.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">22.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">23.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">24.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">25.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">26.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">27.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">28.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">29.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">30.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">31.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">32.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (Bonus) </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">All
members of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">33.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">34.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">35.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">36.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">37.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">38.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">39.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">40.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">* *
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satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-63101583404823558512017-11-03T03:17:00.003-07:002017-11-03T03:17:44.420-07:00RBSE IMPORTANT POINTS AND QUESTIONS - 9<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Retaliation
and Struggle against British Empire<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 21.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">East India Company was formed in 1600
CE.</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 21.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
1612 CE, the East India Company established its first permanent trading hub in
Surat. Before 1757 CE, the British defeated other European companies and
established their supremacy.</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 21.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Battle of Plassey took place on 23<sup>rd</sup>
June, 1757 CE, in which the Britishe East India Company emerged victorious and
the Nawab was killed.</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 21.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Battle
of Buxar took place on 22<sup>nd</sup> October, 1764, in which the Mir Jafar
the Nawab of Bengal was defeated and the Britishers emerged as victorious.</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 21.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
the third Battle of Panipat on 14<sup>th</sup> January, 1761, the Maratha power
suffered a setback. Only the Marathas were capable of stopping the British from
occupying India.</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 21.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">In the Third
Anglo-Maratha War </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1818, Marathas were defeated and the post
of Peshwa was eliminated. Peshwa was sent to Bithoor after being granted a
pension of eight lakhs, where he died in 1852 CE.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
April 1799 CE, Wellesley started a campaign against Tipu. The Srirangapatnam
fort was occupied on 4<sup>th</sup> May, 1799 in </span><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Fourth
Anglo-Mysore War</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> and Mysore lost its independence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">After Second
Anglo-Sikh War </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1849 CE, Dalhousie annexed Punjab in
British India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Freedom Struggle of 1857<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
his book "War of Indian Independence", Dr Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
has called this struggle as the Indian war of independence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On
29<sup>th</sup> March, 1857, a soldier named Mangal Pandey revolted in
Barrackpore Cantt, he refused to use fat-coated cartridges.</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On
10<sup>th</sup> May, the soldiers in Meerut cantonment, revolted openly and
assassinated their officers by shooting them later proceeded towards Delhi.</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
soldiers occupied Delhi on 12<sup>th</sup> May. Bahadur Shah II was declared as
the Indian Emperor.</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On
5<sup>th</sup> June 1857 CE, the revolutionaries occupied Kanpur and declared
Nana Saheb as the Peshwa.</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Revolution
took place in Jhansi in June 1857. Rani Laxmi Bai was declared the ruler of the
state. On 17<sup>th</sup> June 1858, Rani Laxmi Bai received martyrdom while
confronting the British army.</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
Bihar, this revolution was led by a landlord named Kunwar Singh who hailed from
Jagdishpur and was 80 years old.</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tatya
Tope was an important figure in revolt of 1857.</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Tribal
Rebellions in Bengal and Eastern India</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sanyasi Rebellion (</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1769
- 70 CE)<b>: In Bengal against</b> the ban imposed on travel for pilgrimages. Warren
Hastings crushed this revolt. This is mentioned in a novel "Anand
Math" composed by Bankim Chandra Chatteree.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>Kol
Rebellion: </b>The Kol tribe revolted against the exploitation which was born
out of British maladministration in Jharkhand.</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>Santhal
Rebellion </b>: Santhal rebellion was an important mass revolt against the
British rule during 1855 - 1856 CE. This revolt was led by two brothers named
Sindhu and Kanhu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>Ramosi
Rebellion: </b>Ramosi was a tribe residing in the Western Ghats.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Leader
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chittar Singh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Contribution
of Revolutionary Organization in Freedom Movement</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.Revolutionary
activities were started in Maharashtra by a government employee named Vasudev
Balwant Phadke. Phadke was arrested and sent to Adan (Arabia) jail in 1879 CE,
where he died in 1889.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Chapekar
Brothers assassinated plague commissioner Rand and Lieutenant Ayerst who were busy spreading terror amongst the
masses instead of helping the plague victims in Pune. The Chapekar Brothers
were arrested and hanged.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Shyamji
Krishna Varma was the first to take the initiative of establishing a
revolutionary organization named India House for attaining freedom outside the
country in London.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. Veer
Savarkar was the only Indian revolutionary who was sentenced for not one, but
two life imprisonments by the British government. He formed an organization
named "Mitra Mela". Savarkar spend a long time of his life in the
Cellular Jail of Andaman.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-22316214291721776802017-11-01T03:57:00.003-07:002017-11-01T03:58:03.699-07:00RBSE IMPORTANT POINTS - 8<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">History of
Marathas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Marathas</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> were skilled in guerilla warfare
strategy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Shivaji
was born on 20th April, 1627 CE in Shivner Fort. He was the son of Shahaji
Bhonsle's first wife Jijabai.</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bijapur's
Sultan sent his commander Afzal Khan to eliminate Shivaji. During the talks of
alliance, Afzal Khan tried to betray Shivaji, due to which Shivaji tore off his
stomach using a Baghnakha.</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Shivaji
attacked Mughal Viceroy Shaista Khan's camp in the night time, from where;
Shaista Khan had to run away after losing his son and three fingers of his
hand.</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">5.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Shivaji
entered into a treaty with Jai Singh in 1665 CE which is renowned as the Treaty
of Purander.</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">6.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In
1674 CE in Raigarh Fort, he enthroned himself as the independent king of
Maharashtra and assumed the title of 'Chhatrapati'.</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Vijayanagar
Empire<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Harihara and'Bukka were the most famous,
laid the foundation of Vijayanagar kingdom on the northern banks of river
Tungabhadra.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Vijayanagar can be identified from the
remains called Hampi, which has been recognized as a World Heritage Protection
site by UNESCO.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bahmani Empire<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> In the south, the Bahmani empire and dynasty was founded by
Muhammad Tughluq's officer named Hasan (Zafar Shah).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Influence and Development Sikhism (Including Gobind
Singh, Banda Bairagi and Ranjit Singh)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Guru Nanak Dev founded Sikhism and made
his place among the leading religious and social reformers of the world. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Guru
Angad, who was the disciple of Guru Nanak, developed the Gurmukhi script and composed
the Vani of Guru Nanak in the form of Guru Vani.</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jahangir
sentenced </span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Guru</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Arjan Dev's to death as he had blessed
his rebel son Khusro.</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When
</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Guru</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Tegh Bahadur refused to adopt Islam,
Aurangzeb ordered to cut his head off. For him, it is said that he gave off his
head, but not his religion. In Chandni Chowk in Delhi, his memorial is renowned
as Sis Ganj Gurudwara.</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">5.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Guru Gobind Singh </span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">established the Khalsa order in 1699 CE. Guru Gobind Singh made mandatory for
Khalsa Sikhs to keep five "Kakaras", i.e. Kada, Kesh, Kutch, Kripan
and Kangha. Due to the possibility of war with Aurungzeb, he opened a military
centre in Anandpur Sahib in 1699 CE.</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">6.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Banda Bairagi (Bahadur) was the disciple
of Guru Gobind Singh and a great
warrior, courageous and protector of law. He bravely confronted the Mughals and
infused new vitality among the Sikhs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">7.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ranjit Singh was the greatest ruler of Sikh empire.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-35457752776575960132017-11-01T02:17:00.001-07:002017-11-01T02:17:20.187-07:00RBSE IMPORTANT POINTS - 7<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">India
during the Sultanate period (1206-1526)</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">India was continuously attacked by
foreign invaders. In 712 CE, a fierce battle took place between Muhammad bin
Qasim and Dahir, the king of Sindh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mahmud Ghaznavi had to fight fiercely
against the'royal rulers of Kashmir Jayapala and Anandapala. Muhammad Ghori was
defeated several times by Prithviraj Chauhan. But, due to certain
circumstances, Muslim rule started in India by 1206 CE.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Qutb ud din aibak (1206 CE - 1210 CE)
was coronated in 1206 CE. He is also known as 'Lakhbaksh'. He was the founder
of slave dynasty/ Ghulam Dynasty.
. Aibak built<sup> </sup>the first storey of Qutub Minar. Rest of its part was
completed by Itutmish.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Balban (1265
CE - 1286 CE) of </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">slave dynasty started the practice of Sijda and Paibos (bowing in front of the
emperor and kissing his feet) in the royal court.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jalal-ud-din Firuz Khilji (1290 CE -
1296 CE) was the first ruler of Khilji dynasty.Alauddin Khilji got himself
mentioned as 'The Second Alexander' on the coins issued by him.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> Hammir Dev Chauhan (1282 CE - 1301 CE)</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> of </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ranthambore had a fierce battle with Alauddin Khilji. Alauddin
Khilji is known for market reforms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In 1320 CE, Ghazi Malik (Ghiyas ud-Din
Tughluq) became the Sultan of Delhi after assassinating Khusro Shah the last
Khilji ruler and laid the foundation of Tughluq dynasty.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Muhammad Tughluq name was associated
with various titles, such as- "An astonishing mix of Contradictions",
"Thirsty of Blood", etc. Ziauddin Barni mentions five major policies
of the Sultan- Tax increase in Doab, making Devagiri as the capital,
circulation of token currency, attack upon Khorasan and expedition towards Karachil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The most important achievement of Firuz
Tughluq was digging of canals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Turkish invader Timur Lang invaded
India and plundered Delhi during Nasiruddin Mehmud the last ruler of Tughlaq
dynasty.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Timur conquered Delhi and appointed
Khizr Khan as his representative. Khizr Khan founded the Sayyid dynasty.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bahlul Khan Lodi occupied Delhi from Sayyid
ruler in 1451 CE. For the first time after the Turks, Afghan dynasty ruled upon
Delhi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In the First Battle of Panipat in 1526
CE, the Ibrahim Lodi was defeated by Babur. This battle proved to be a landmark
in history and Mughal dynasty was established in India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">India during the Mughal Period (1526 CE-1858 CE)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Battle of Khanwa took place
between Babur and Rana Sanga in March, 1527 CE. Babur fought this battle using
Tulghuma strategy and gave the slogan of 'Jihad'. After standing victorious,
Babur gained the title of Ghazi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Babur had composed a book named
Baburnama or Tuzk-e-Babri in Turkish language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Battle of Chausa took place
between Humayun and Sher Khan in 1539 CE, in which the Mughals were defeated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Second Battle of Panipat took
place between Afghan commander Hemu and Mughal representative Bairam Khan on
5th, November, 1556 CE.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The world famous Battle of
Haldighati took place in 1576 CE in which Maharana Pratap (Mewar) fought
against the Mughal army which was led jointly by Man Singh and Asaf Khan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fatehpur Sikri remained the royal
capital from 1569 CE to 1584 CE. Buland Darwaza built on the southern gate of
the mosque was built to commemorate Akbar's victory over Gujarat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jahangir occupied the Mughal
throne at Agra Fort in 1605 CE. Jahangir built the Peacock Throne
(Takht-i-Taus).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">British ambassador Captain
Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe visited Jahangir court.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Shah Jahan</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
was coronated in Agra in February, 1628 CE. In 1657 CE, Aurangzeb imprisoned
Shah Jahan in Agra Fort.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Aurangzeb</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> appointed king Jai Singh as the
Governor of Deccan. Treaty of Purandar took place between Shivaji and king Jai
Singh in 1665 CE.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aurangzeb
ordered to demolish Hindu temples in 1669 CE. In 1679 CE, </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Aurangzeb</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> imposed Jazia(tax)on Hindus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">After
the death of Aurangzeb, the Mughal dynasty got incapable and weak successors,
due to which the Mughal Empire started to decline gradually.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-7076321213276454012017-11-01T00:14:00.003-07:002017-11-01T00:14:34.015-07:00RBSE IMPORTANT POINTS AND QUESTIONS - 6<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Glorious India- From the Beginning to 1206 CE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">According
to the Buddhist text, 16 Mahajanapadas existed in ancient time. Several
republics also existed in the Buddhist period of 6<sup>th</sup> century BCE.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">With
the help of his guru Chanakya, Chandragupta ascended the royal throne of
Magadha at the age of 25, by defeating Dhana Nanda who was the last Nanda
ruler.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
305 BCE, Chandragupta defeated the then Greek ruler Seleucus Nicator.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seleucus
also got his daughter married to Chandragupta and sent Megasthenes as his
ambassador in Chandragupta's court. Megasthenes has divided the Indian society
into seven castes in his book 'Indica'.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ashoka
occupied Magadha's rule against the wish of Bindusara the son of Chandragupta.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ashoka
invaded Kalinga in 261 BCE, in which 1 lakh people died.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">According
to Kalhana's Rajatarangini, Ashoka was a worshipper of Shiva before adopting
Buddhism.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ashoka
established ideals for the moral development of mankind. These were called
dhamma.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
the fourteenth year of his coronation, Ashoka appointed Dhamma Mahamatras-whose
major responsibility was to propagate Buddhist religion.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ashoka
was the first Indian ruler to address his subjects through edicts which were
written in Brahmi script and Kharoshti script. James Princep was the first person to
successfully interpret the edicts of Ashoka. Ashoka died in 232 BCE.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Brihadratha
was the last Mauryan ruler. His Brahman minister Pushyamitra Shunga
assassinated him and founded the Shunga dynasty in Magadha.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A
person named Simuka laid the foundation of Satavahana dynasty in around 60 BCE
in Andhra (the valley of rivers Godavari and Krishna). This dynasty is known by
the name of Andhra as well as Satavahana dynasty.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">13.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sri-Gupta
was the founder of Gupta dynasty in 275 CE. Chandragupta became the Gupta ruler
in 320 CE. He married the Lichchhavi princess Kumaradevi.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">14.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Samudragupta’s
(335 CE - 380 CE) court poet Harisen has described about his victorious
military expeditions in his records in Allahabad Prashasti. Historian Smith has
rightly called him 'The Napoleon of India'.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">15.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Chandragupta II (380 CE - 412 </span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CE) after gaining victory on Shakas,
took on the title of 'Vikramaditya'.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">16.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Skandagupta </span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(455 CE - 467 CE) defeated the Hunas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">17.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Great
mathematician Aryabhata, Varamihira and Brahmagupta gave their significant
contribution in the development of mathematics and astrology during the Gupta
period. The decimal system was invented in this period.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">18.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pushyabhuti
was the founder of Vardhan Dynasty in 6<sup>th</sup>
century CE. Harshvardhan was the last great Hindu ruler of North India. He was
a worshipper of Shiva and the Sun god. Later, he was largely inclined towards
Mahayana Buddhism. Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang visited India during his
period.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">19.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Banabhatta
composed of Kadambari and Harshacharita.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">20.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gopala
founded Pala dynasty in around 750 CE in Bengal. Dharmapala is considered to be
the most powerful ruler of this dynasty.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">21.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Rashtrakuta</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dynasty was founded by Dantidurga in 736 CE in Maharshtra
region.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">22.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Gurjara-Pratihara</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dynasty was founded by Nagabhatta in 725 CE. Bhoja I was
the greatest ruler of this dynasty. He is also known as Mihira Bhoja.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">23.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Rajaraja I </span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(985 CE - 1013 CE) was the almighty ruler of south India(Tamil
region). He built a Shiva temple named Rajarajeshwara (Brihadeshwara) temple in
his capital Tanjore.It is an is an excellent example of Dravidian architecture.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">24.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rajendra
I (1016 CE - 1044 CE) the son of Rajaraja
I possessed a strong naval power.
He conquered the regions of Ganga. In order to commemorate this victory, he
gained the title of 'Gangaikonda'.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">25.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chola
administration was based on the Gram Panchayat system i.e is Local sel
government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">26.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Temples
of Chidambaram and Tanjore are the best among Chola temples. The copper statues
of Nataraja Shiva built during Chola period are regarded to be the best.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">27.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pulakeshin
II- is the most famous Chalukya ruler.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">28.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kushans
are also known as Yuezhis. Vima
Kadphises II (65 CE - 75 CE)
of Kushan dynasty circulated golden coins in his name for the first time in
India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">29.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Kanishka</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> is regarded
as one of the important rulers of India. According to the tradition, Fourth
Buddhist Council was held in Kundalvana of Kashmir under the presidentship of
Acharya Parshva in Kanishka's time. Kanishka enforced a new era in 78 CE which
is known by the name of Saka era.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">30.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Saka,
Huna and Kushan- all these three were foreign tribes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-6083955497547720372017-10-31T22:09:00.002-07:002017-10-31T22:09:43.006-07:00RBSE IMPORTANT POINTS AND QUESTIONS - 5<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chapter No. 14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Climate
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Important Points<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 28.35pt 141.75pt 255.1pt 368.5pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -28.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">According to Indian culture, there are
six seasons (Ritus)-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">1. Vasanta
Ritu : Chaitra-Vaishakha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 28.35pt 141.75pt 255.1pt 368.5pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -28.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">2. Grishma
Ritu : Jyeshta-Aashaadha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">3. Varsha
Ritu : Shraavana-Bhadrapada<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">4. Sharada
Ritu : Ashwin-Kartika<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">5. Hemanta
Bitu : Margashirsha-Pausha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">6. Shishira
Ritu : Maagha-Phagun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. During summer </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">in West Bengal,
rainfall occurs along with 'Kal Baisakhi' thunderstorms. Rainfall occurring
near Malabar Coast in southern India is called as 'Mango rainfall' and rainfall
occurring in coffee producing regions is called as 'Shower of Flowers'.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Normally,
monsoon reaches in Rajasthan by the last week of June.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">During summer,
rapid 'Loo' blows in Rajasthan, and 'Mawath' causes rainfall in winter.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. The south-western monsoon
causes rainfall in India in the form of two branches - (i) Arabian Sea branch and
(ii) Bay of Bengal Branch<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. The climate of Rajasthan is
very odd<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. In Rajasthan, most of the
rainfall is recieved from south-western monsoon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Questions -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. The word "monsoon"
has originated from:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. The word ‘Monsoon’ has
originated from Arabic word ‘Mawsim’, which means seasonal winds or<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">seasons.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. The rainfall "Mawath"
is:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Rainfall during the winter
season<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. According to India tradition,
the number of seasons is:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Six<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. The word "mausim"
has originated from which language?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Arabic word<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. Where is high pressure formed
when the sun shines vertically on the Tropic of Cancer?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. High pressure in formed
along the south of Equator<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. Where is low pressure formed
when the sun shines vertically on the Tropic of Capricorn?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. High pressure conditions
over the northern plains. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. Where are jet streams formed?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Jet streams are formed in
the upper air system<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chapter No. 15<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Natural
Vegetation and Soils<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Important Points<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The very first forest policy was
adopted in 1894 in India. After independence, as per the new forest policy
announced on 31st May, 1954, forests must be present at 33 per cent part of
land. New forest policy was announced in 1988 in our country.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In the inscriptions of Great
Ashoka, the emperor of India, we get description about ban upon hunting of wild
animals and their conservation.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Ranthamhhore- National Park-
Sawai Madhopur and Keoladeo National Park- Bharatpur are the national parks
situated in Rajasthan.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is formed to combat environmental problems with
its headquarters in Switzerland.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. Black soil is suitable for
cotton, peanut and sugarcane crops.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. Keoladeo National Park is included
in world heritage list.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. Chinkara is the state animal
and 'Great Indian bustard’ is the state bird of' Rajasthan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. Khejri is known as tile </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">'Kalpavraksha' </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">of Rajasthan</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> due to
excessive utility</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. It is the state tree of Rajasthan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> As per the Forest Policy of
India, it is mandatory to have forests over 33 per cent part of the
geographical surface area.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">10. Dhaman grass is of great
utility for milk-giving animals, while Sewan grass is nutritious for all the
animals in Rajasthan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">11. The expanse of Dhokra forests
is the highest in Rajasthan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 28.35pt 141.75pt 255.1pt 368.5pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -28.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">12. Some of the major national parks of
the country include Jim Corbett (Uttarakhand), Kanha (Madhya Pradesh),
Kaziranga (Assam), Bandipur (Karnataka), Palamu (Bihar), Dachigam
(Jammu-Kashmir), Sunderban (Western Bengal), Silent Valley (Kerala), Nandankanan
(Odissa), Keoladeo (Rajasthan), Annamalai (Tamil Nadu), etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Ranthamhhore National
Park- Sawai Madhopur and Keoladeo National Park- Bharatpur are the national
parks situated in Rajasthan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">14. Kurjan is a prominent
migratory bird of folk literature of the State. It's important centre is Khichan
(Jodhpur).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">15. Rajasthan's 'Khejarli
Sacrifice' is a symbol of awareness towards the environment, Khejri tree is the
laurel (Kalpavraksha) of Thar. On 28th August, 1730, Maharaja of Jodhpur
ordered to cut down Khejri trees hi village Khejarli, but the residents over
there opposed it. It was led by Amrita Devi. She hugged the tree and sacrificed
her life for the protection of khejri tree.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Questions -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. According to national forest
policy, on how many percent part is forest necessary on geographical area?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. 33 %<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Evergreen forests are found
in areas of how much rainfall?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. 200cm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Indian Forest Research
Institute is located at:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Dehradun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. Who led the Khejarli
Movement?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Amrita Devi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. Which soil suits most for
cotton agriculture?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Black<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. In India black soil is:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Lava made soil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. Write the names of two
regions where tropical decidious forests are found ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Northeastern states, along
the foothills of the Himalayas, Jharkhand, West Orissa and Chattisgarh and on
the eastern slopes of the Wesern Ghats<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. According to the
administration how many categories of forests have been described?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Three (Reserved, Protected
& Unclassed)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-39414138771825884412017-10-31T03:36:00.002-07:002017-10-31T03:36:51.886-07:00RBSE IMPORTANT POINTS AND QUESTIONS - 4<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chapter No. 10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Local Self
Government<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Important Points<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">In ancient
India, along with monarchy regime, republican system was also seen, in which
the king was selected by local people. The primary Buddha and Jain literature
indicates this fact that small republic states of that time such as Kashi,
Kaushal, Ang, Kamboj, Kuru, Lichchavi, Malla, Vaishali, Matsya, Virat, Shivi
and Jangal existed.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. In modern period through <b>73rd constitutional amendment act of 1992,</b>
rural local self government and through <b>74th
constitutional amendment act of 1992,</b> urban local self government got
constitutional status and uniformity from whole country for their formation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Rural local self
government is also known by the name of Panchayati Raj System.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">In 1959,
contemporary prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru inaugurated the third staged
Panchayati Raj System in <b>Nagaur</b>
Rajasthan. Thus, Rajasthan became the <b>first
state</b> to start three staged Panchayati Raj.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. The elections of Panchayti
Raj and urban self-government are performed regulalry in five years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. In Rajasthan, there are 9000
Gram Panchayats, 295 Panchayat Samitis, 33 Zila Parsihad, 146 Municipalities, 34
Municipal Councils, 7 Municiapal Corporations and 1 Cantonment Board.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Zila parishad is
the highest unit of rural local self government or Panchayati Raj system.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Questions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Which constitutional
amendment act gave effective and powerful position to urban local
self-government?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. 73rd amendment<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Gram Sabha is constituted by
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. The Gram Sabha is a meeting
of all adults who live in the area covered by a Panchayat. Anyone who is 18
years old or more and who has the right to vote is a member of the Gram Sabha.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. In which cities of Rajasthan
are the municipal corporation formed ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. At present in Rajasthan,
Municipal Corporation is working in Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kota, Ajmer, Bikaner, Udaipur
and Bharatpur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. Which state of Indian
institution has executed the three tier Panchayati Raj system first?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Rajasthan became the first
state to introduce Democratic Decntralisation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. By whom is the Sarpanch
elected ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. All the members of Gram
Sabha elect a Sarpanch<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. To which institution does
Pradhan belong ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Pradhan belongs to the Zila
Parishad<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chapter No. 11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Foreign
Relations<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. <b>Non-alignment movement(NAM)</b> is the characteristic feature of Indian
foreign policy. It means to keep ourselves aloof from contemporary political
groups and to pay attention towards the progress of country.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> To give
non-alignment a new form, Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Yugoslavian
president Marshal Teto, Egyptian president Nasir, and Indonesian president
Sukarna played leading role.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. India predicated the
principles of <b>Panchsheel,</b> in which,
no attack on each other, respect to territorial unity, equality, peaceful
co-existence and policy of non-interference are included.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> It is the
defining word for five Vratas of Buddh religion which was founded by Gautam
Buddha. Panchsheel was founded first on 29 April 1954 in a pact between India
and China, regarding Tibet. However in 1962, by attacking on India, China
proved that panchsheel was only a thought. From this attack, India's foreign policy
and worldly respect got a big shock.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. India opposes differences
based on colour, castes or races and considers it unfavourable against principles
of equality.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. India has always supported
U.N.O to maintain international peace and brotherhood.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. Affected by the
discriminatory policy of nuclear disarmament of nuclear states and the changing
scenario, India gave a new look to its nuclear programme.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Abdul Kalam is
considered as the founder of our nuclear programme. India performed her first
nuclear test in Pokhran in 1974. After 24 years, in 1998, India performed her
second test. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9. Seven countries of South Asia
founded an organization <b>'South Asian
Association for Regional Cooperation' (SAARC)</b> in the year 1985.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> These seven
countries are India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and
Maldives.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10. Terorism is a serious
challenge for India.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In Jammu Kashmir and the other parts of the world, these
terrorists are doing destructive activities. In December 2001, the terrorists
of Jaish-E-Mohammad and Lashkar-E-Toyba attacked on Indian Parliament.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Questions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. In which year was the NAM
conference held in Belgrade?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. The NAM conference was held
in 1961 at Belgrade.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. On whose philosophy are the
five principles of Panchsheel based?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Lord Buddha’s teachings<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. In which year was Panchsheel
introduced under Indo-China agreement?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. 1954<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. Where was the 18th SAARC
conference held?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. In November 2014, 18th
conference of SAARC was held at Nepal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. In which year India conducted
its first nuclear test?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. India conducted her first
basic nuclear test in 1974<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. What is the main base pillar
of India foreign policy?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. The principal aim of Indian
foreign policy is adjustments of its national interests along with
international interests<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chapter No. 12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Physical
Structure of Rajasthan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Rajsthan bieng the biggest
state of India, lies between </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">23°3' to 30°12' </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">north latitude and </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">69°30' East to
78° 17'</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
east longitude.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Rajasthan has
10.43% of the total area of India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">3. Most of the western and North
west area of Rajasthan were the remains of Tethys ocean, which was filled with
the rocky soil brought by the rivers from the Himalayas. Even today, the lakes
like Sambhar, Deedwana, Pachpodra, Lunkaransar, etc. are present as the remains
of Tethys Ocean.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. Rajsthan can be divided into
five geographical regions - (i) Western desert area, (ii) Semi arid region,
(iii) Aravalli range, (iv) Eastern Plain, and (v) South-eastern plateau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. Aravalli is the oldest
mountain range, where we have the highest mountain peak - ‘Guru Sikhar’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Questions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. In terms of area Rajasthan occupies.................
Place in India:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. First<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. The smallest district of
Rajasthan is:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Jaisalmer is the biggest
and Dholpur is the smallest district.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Between Nilgiri and the
Himalaya, the highest peak is:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Guru shikhar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. What is the total surface
area of Rajasthan?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. The state spreads over 3,
42,239 square km which is 10.43% of India’s total area<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chapter No. 13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Drainage Rajasthan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Important Points<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">In Rajasthan,
Chambal is the only river which flows throughout the year. The Aravalli hills
work as the water divide.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Aravalli Range decides the drainage system of Rajasthan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Chambal river originate in MP
flows in Rajasthan and later join Yamuna in UP.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Gandhi Sagar
dam, Rana Pratap Sagar dam, Jawahar Sagar dam and Kota Barrage have been built
on </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chambal</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> river.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Banas river
originates in Kumbhalgarh. It is called as 'Hope of the Forests'. It joins the
river Chambal in district Sawai Madhopur. The famous Bisalpur dam has been
built on it.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The main saline
water lakes are Sambhar, Didwana, Lunkaransar and Pachpadra. Sambhar lake is
the biggest saline inland water lake of India, it is situated at Phulera near
Jaipur.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">In Rajasthan,
Jaisamand, Rajsamand, Pichola, Ana sagar, Pushkar, Siliserh, Udai sagar, Fateh
sagar, Nakki, Kolayat, etc. are the fresh water lakes. Jaisamand is the biggest
man-made lake of Rajasthan. It is near Udaipur.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. On the confluence of the Som
and Jakham rivers, there is held a tribal fair called Vaneshwar fair.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-33237427907651612272017-10-30T23:35:00.002-07:002017-10-30T23:35:54.231-07:00RBSE IMPORTANT POINTS AND QUESTIONS - 3<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chapter No. 7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; text-transform: uppercase;">Pride of
Rajasthan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Important Points<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. The great men, heroes of
people, folk deities and Social reformers of Rajasthan showed a new way to the
people.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. <b>Bappa Rawal</b> established an independent state in Chittor and
enhanced the prestige of the state by leaps and bounds.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Under the
leadership of Bappa Rawal, there was a vigorous collision between the army of
joint union including Pratihara Nagabhata-I, Ajayraja- the king of Sambhar and
Ajmer, Dhawal of Hadoti, Devraj Bhati- the ruler of Mewar (Jaisalmer) and
Dahir-the king of Sindh, and the Khalifah power of Arab. Muhammad Bin Qasim was
also defeated. Getting Sindh liberated, this army gained victory up to the
region of Iran, Iraq and Khurasan.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. <b>Prithviraj Chauhan</b> defeated Muhammad Ghori in first battle of
Tarain(1191 AD). In Second battle of Tarain(1192 AD) Prithviraj was defeated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal;">4. There was a
battle between </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Rao Maldeo</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal;"> of Jodhpur and
Sher Shah Suri in 1544 in which Sher Shah Suri, the Afghan emperor got victory
with great difficulty. After the battle Sher Shah Suri said </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal;">that- 'For the
sake of one handful of Millet, I would have lost the kingdom of India'.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. </span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Maharana
Sanga</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
(1509-1528 AD) : After Maharana Kumbha, Maharana Sangrarn Singh, who is famous
by the name of Maharana Sanga, became the most important ruler of Mewar. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Maharana Sanga
organized all the Rajput states under his leadership to safeguard them from the
foreign invasions.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In the year 1517, Battle of Khatauli was fought between
Ibrahim Lodhi, the Sultan of Delhi and Sanga, in which Sultan was defeated very
badly. In the First Battle of Panipat, Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi and
established his control on Delhi Sultanate. Even after receiving 80 injuries on
his body and one hand and one foot being wounded in the war, Maharana's body
was as strong as an elephant. In the
year 1527, Battle of Khanwa took place between Babur and Rana Sanga. Sanga was
defeated.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. <b>Veer Durga Das Rathore</b> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">great patriot was born in 1638 AD to
Askaran, a minister of Maharaja Jaswant Singh of Marwar(Jodhpur). </span><span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Durgadas
Rathore (1638 –1718) is a famous personality in the annals of Marwar.
He is credited with having single-handedly preserved the rule of
the Rathore dynasty over Marwar (Jodhpur) after the death
of Maharaja Jaswant Singh in the 17th century.</span><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> Saved infant prince Ajit Singh
from Aurangzeb’s clinch</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. <b>Maharaja Surajmal</b> established a powerful state in Bharatpur in the
middle of Mughal empire.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Due to political skills and sharp brain, he is also called
the 'Plato of the Jaats'.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. <b>Govind Guru</b> organized the Samp Sabha in the Bagar region</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">(Dungarpur,
Banswara), </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">of
Rajasthan to organize the Bheel community for social perspectives and to bring
them into the main stream.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9. <b>Meera Bai</b> was a famous devotee of Lord Krishna.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Mira Bai was
married to Bhojraj, the son of Maharana Sanga. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10. <b>Kali Bai,</b> a Bheel girl, sacrificed her life in Dungarpur to defend
her teacher from the British rulers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11. The name <b>Panna Dhai</b> has been a symbol of
maternal affection, scarifice, courage and affection towards children. She
sacrificed her son to protect Udai Singh</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> the future successor of Mewar.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12. <b>Amrita Devi</b> of Khejarli village in Jodhpur sacrificed her lives
along with her three daughters to protect trees.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Folk
Deities</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13. Those great men who
sacrificed their lives to defend religion, land and cow, are regarded as the
folk deities of common men,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14. The chief folk deities of
common men are- <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(a)Tejaji-</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The protector
of cows</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(b) Gogaji-</span><span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> He is an
eminent warrior-hero of the region. Hindus and Muslims alike honor him. He is
also venerated as a saint and even as 'snake-god'.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (c)Pabuji-</span><span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> He lived in the 14th
century in Rajasthan.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Pabuji is worshipped in the form of folk deity.</span><span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(d) Ram Devji-</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Among folk
deities, Ramdevji is also very popular. Baba Ramdevji became famous as a
prophet saint, warrior, magician, scrupulous, protector of public and protector
of cows. Opposing the caste system, he gave the message of social harmony. Riding
a horse, with a necklace in one hand and spear in the other hand of Baba Rambev
is the symbol of power and devotion.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (e)Dev Narayanji-</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Devnarayan was
a brave warrior who waged many struggles and battles against cruel rulers. Gurjars
caste started worshipping as their
favourite deity.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(f) </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Jambho ji was
the founder of Bishnoi community.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">(g) Jasnathji established the
Jasnathi community. Jasnath demonstrated the 36 rules of his community. At the
time of Jagran in the night, fire dance is a major characteristic of Jasnathi
community.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Questions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Bapa Rawal was the ruler of ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Bapa Rawal was the ruler of
the Guhilot Dynasty and founder of the Mewar Dynasty of Chittorgarh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. When was the Second Battle of
Tarain fought ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Second Battle of Tarain was
fought in the year 1192 between Muhammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan, Chauhan
was defeated<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Where was the battle fought
between Maharana Sanga and Babur?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Battle of Khanwa was fought
between Maharana Sanga and Babur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. Which organisation did Govind
Guru establish?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Samp Sabha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. What was the name of the mare
of Pabuji ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Keasr Kalawi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. Where did Veer Durga Das
spend his last days?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Veer Durga Das spend his
last days at the banks of Shipra at Ujjain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. What was the resident place
of Amrita Devi ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Khejarli of Khejadli
village in Jodhpur district of Rajasthan, India<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. Mention the birth place of
Ram Dev ji, a famous folk diety.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Pokran, Jaisalmer,
Rajasthan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9. Which sect was founded by
Acharya Bhikshu ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Acharya Bhikshu (1726-1803)
was the founder and first spiritual head of the Svetambar Terapanth sect of
Jainism<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10. Where did Maharaja Surajmal
rule ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Maharaja Surajmal
established a powerful state in Bharatpur in the middle of Mughal empire.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chapter No. 8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Political
Development in India<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Important Points<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Since ancient times, India has
been a political, social and cultural unit where many great emperors had laid
the foundation of great empires.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. In ancient India, many great
texts were written, such as Manu Smriti by Manu, Sukraniti by Sukra and <b>Arthashastra by Kautilya,</b> in which the
ideals to manage an organized society are mentioned.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. During British rule, India
was mainly divided into two parts: British India Princely states governed by
the Indian rulers. British India was under the direct rule of the Britishers, while
the Princely states were governed by the local rulers for name sake only.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. After independence, <b>Sardar ValIabhbhai Patel</b> played the
most important role in national integration. Due to his efforts, the merger of
Jammu and Kashmir in India could be made possible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. The state of Hyderabad was
merged in India by military action, while Junagarh was merged in India by referendum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. In 1954, Pondicherry was made
free from the possession of France and in 1961, Goa from<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Portuguese.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. When India got independence,
there were 19 states, 3 sub-divisions and 1 region under chief commissioner in
Rajasthan. Integration of Rajasthan was completed on November 1, 1956 in seven
steps.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Questions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Who is the writer of
Arthashastra ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Kautilya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. How many states were there in
India, when it got independence?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. 562<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. How many states were there in
Rajasthan at the time of Independence?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. 19 states<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. When did Goa merge into
India?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Liberated from the
Portuguese on March 20, 1962<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. Whose possession was on
Pondicherry?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Possession of Pondicherry
was under France<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. Who was the king of Kashmir
at the time of independence ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Maharaja Hari Singh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. When was Hyderabad merged
into India ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. September 1948<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. Who was the President of the
State Reorganization Commission?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Retired Chief Justice of
Supreme Court Fazal Ali<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9. Which was the first state
formed on the basis of language?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. In 1953, the first
linguistic State came into being as Andhra Pradesh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chapter No. 9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Constitution
of India<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Important Points<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1 </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">. East India Company, which was
formed in 1600 AD for trading, gradually started to interrupt in the political
affairs of India. After the <b>Battle of
Plassey</b> in 1757 AD and the <b>Battle of
Buxar</b> in 1764 AD, a large part of India went under the control of this
company and the question that aroused in front of the company was that through which
laws must it rule over India? Since a long time, the British Parliament used to
form laws for the government, such as-Regulating Act1773, Pitts India Act1784, Government
of India Act of 1833, Government of India Act of 1909, Government of India Act
of 1919 and Act of 1935, etc.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. By the provisions of the <b>Cabinet Mission,</b> a Constitutent
Assembly was formed in July 1946. The Assembly held its first meeting on 9
December, 1946. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the President of Constituent Assembly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Among the different
committees formed to frame the Indian Constitution, the most important
committee was the Drafting Committee. Its Chairment was Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar.
He is regarded as the Father of the Indian Constitution because of his
prominent role in drafting the Indian Constitution.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. The Constitution of India is
the lengthiest constitution in the world. At present, it has 12 schedules, 22 parts
and 395 articles<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. The Constitution of India
declares the country as a federal and democratic republic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. The Indian Constitution
grants and guarantees six Fundamental
Rights to its citizens. These are Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right
against Exploitation, Cultural and Educational Right, Right to Constitutional Remedies
and Right to Freedom of Religion<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. The Directive Principles are
instructions of moral duty to the state. The aim to establish these principles
is the social and economic welfare of the people through welfare state<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. <b>42nd Amendment</b> of the Constitution of India, 1976 laid down 11
Fundamental Duties of the citizens of India towards the nation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Questions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. By which plan, the Indian
Constitution was framed?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. It was implemented under
the Cabinet Mission Plan on 16 May 1946<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. When was the first meeting of
the constituent assembly held?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. The Constituent Assembly
(elected for an undivided India) met for the first time on 9 December 1946<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. When was the Indian
Constitution adopted?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Indian Constitution was
adopted on 26 January 1950<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. How many Fundamental Rights
are given to the Indian Citizens?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Six Fundamental Rights are
given to the Indian Citizens<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. Which article describes the
uniform citizenship?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Article 44 describes the
uniform citizenship<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. How much time did it take in
the framing of the Indian Constitution?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. The Assembly met in session
open to the public, for 166 days, spread over a period of 2 years 11 months and
18 days<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. How many members were there
in the Constituent Assembly?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. The Constituent Assembly
had 299 representatives, including nine women<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. What did Dr. Ambedkar call
the Right to Constitutional Remedies?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Dr. Ambedkar call the Right
to Constitutional Remedies as the ‘Heart and Soul of the Indian Constitution’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9. Where were the Fundamental
Duties included in the Constitution ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. The Forty Second
Constitution Amendment Act, 1976 has incorporated ten Fundamental Duties.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10. How many articles are there
in the Indian Constitution?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ans. At present it has 12 schedules, 22 parts
and 395 articles</span></div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-39314170736020772322017-10-30T02:53:00.002-07:002017-10-30T02:53:42.899-07:00RBSE IMPORTANT POINTS - 2<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chapter No. 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Social Reformers
and Religious Renaissance<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Important Points<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 28.35pt 141.75pt 255.1pt 368.5pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Bhakti Movement :</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
There has been a long and strong tradition of Bhakti in<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">India.
The origin of Bhakti is considered to be firstly from south India and the
devotees of Lord Vishnu played a vital role in this movement. These were the
main sects in existence in the Medieval and Pre-Medieval Period— Shaiva Sect, Vaishnava
Sect and Sufism.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Shaiva
Sect :</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The devotees of Lord Shiv were called to be Shaiva. The
followers of Shaiva sect in the South were called to be Naynar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Vaishnava Sect :</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
The devotees of Lord Vishnu were called to be Vaishnava and the followers of
Lord Vishnu in South India was called to be Alvars.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sufism :</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
Islamic mysticism is known as Sufism. The literal meaning of'Suf is 'wool'. The
Sufi saints used to wear white cloak like wool. So, they were called to be
Sufi. Sufi sect and Hindu ideology were extremely similar on the level of
beliefs and customs and traditions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">In Medieval age, these three sects
played a vital role in social and religious Renaissance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. William Johns and Max Muller
translated so many Indian epics into English.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">propagator</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> of Indian
Renaissance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. Social and religious
reformative movement played a vital role in the National Freedom Movement in
India<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. Raja Ram Mohan Roy started
Brahmo Samajo on August 20, 1828 and Swami Dayananda Saraswati established Arya
Samaj in 1875.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Raja
Ram Mohan Roy </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">went
to William Bentick and got him pass a law in 1829 AD to declare Sati tradition
to be illegal. Under the influence of Brahma Samaj, Atma Ram Pandurang founded Prarthana
Samaj in 1867.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. The World’s Religion’s
Conference in 1893 at Chicago portrayed Vivekananda as the greatest person in the
world.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
Swami Vivekanand founded the Ramkrishna Misson in 1897.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. In 1874, Swami Dayananda
Saraswati composed ‘Satyarth Prakash’ in Hindi during his stay in Udaipur.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The childhood name of Swami Dayanand
Saraswati was Mool Shankar.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. Swami Dyananda Saraswati was
the first man to use the word ‘Swarajya’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9. In the year 1883 Swami
Dayananda Saraswati died in Ajmer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10. AcharyaTulsi was the
precursor of Anuvrat Movement. It is a moral movement which is not associated with
any of the religion or community<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Questions -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Who published 'Samvad
Kaumudi'?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Raja Ram Mohan Roy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. What was the childhood name
of Swami Dayananda Saraswati ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Mool Shankar was the
childhood name of Swami Dayananda Saraswati.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. Who was the founder of the
Anuvrat Movement ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. AcharyaTulsi was the
precursor of Anuvrat Movement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. When was Swami Vivekanad born
?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. He was born on January 12,
1863 AD in Kolkata.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. Where was Swami Dayananda
Born ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. He was born in 1848 AD at
Tankara in Morbi region of Guajarat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9. Who founded the Adi Brahmo
Samaj ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Debendranath Tagore<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12. Who started the Anuvrat
movement ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. in 1949 Acharya Tulsi
launched the Anuvrat Movement in Sardarsahar (Churu District).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13. What is the meaning of
Anuvrat ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. ‘Anu’ means very small particles
and’vrat’ means law.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chapter No. 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Major Events of
the World<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Important Points<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Glorious
Revolution took place England in 1688 AD. Freedom struggle of USA took place in
1776 AD.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Freedom, equality and
brotherhood was the message of French revolution (1789).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Russia pulled out of World
War I, signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, conceding much land to Germany,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. In 1917, under the leadership
of Lenin the Bolsheviks ended the Tsar government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. Before First World War,
Europe was divided into two groups due to secret alliance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. The cause of First World War
was the assassination of Austrian Prince Ferdinand in Serbia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. The humiliating and harsh
conditions of the Versailles Treaty were the main reason of the Second World
War. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">In
1920 AD, League of Nations got its legal existence. 32 countries of the world
were its founder members, who signed the Versailles Treaty. Later on, this
number reached to 55 countries.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. Attack on Poland by Germany
on September 1st 1939 was the contemporary cause of Second World War. America
dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in
August 1945 during the final stage of World War II. In Second World War, Pearl
Harbour anAmerican Naval center was destroyed by Japan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">After Second
world war, Army groups were established in the world. Under the leadership of
America, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), the organisation devoted to
democracy. SouthEast Asia Treaty organisation (SEATO) and organisation of
communist countries called 'Warsaw Pact' were formed.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">After World War
II on October 24, 1945, United Nations Organisation came into existence to save
the world for war. 24<sup>th</sup> October is celebrated as UN day.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11. Secretary General is an
important post in UNO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Constituent bodies of
the UNO: According to the Para 7 of the charter of the UNO, it has 6 constituent
bodies. They are :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
General Assembly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Security Council.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Economic and Social Council.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
Trusteeship Council.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (5)
International Court of Justice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (6)
The Secretariat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> India played an important role in helping UNO
by providing different services.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">International
Court of Justice was set up in 1946 in The Hague city of Holland.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14. The main aim of Arab Spring
was to bring change in government and administration in Arab.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The mission of
Arab spring was the protection of human rights, system of free elections,
abolition of unemployment and conversion into Islam. Arab agitators adopted
both, violent and non violent methods. Hosni Mubarak in Egypt, Colonel Gaddafi
in Lybia and Saleh Ali Abdullah in Yaman were overthroned.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chapter No. 6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nationalism in
India<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Important Points<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The knowledge of
India’s dignified history and glorious culture was brought through the
translation of Sanskrit books into English by western scholars-William Jones,
Princess, Max Muller, and Ferguson.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">In 1861 AD,
archaeological survey and excavation was started under the leadership of
Cunningham. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Lord Macaulay is
known for spreading English education and language in India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Policies of Lord
Lytton aroused dissatisfaction amongst the Indians.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Indian poets and
writers composed literature full of patriotism. 'Anand Math' and 'Neel Darpan'
plays were staged, which encouraged Nationalism.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The publication
of first newspaper in Hindi 'Udant Martand' was started in 1826 AD.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">To fulfill imperialistic
ambition, Lord Wellesley merged the local states like Jhansi, Nagpur, Satara,
Avadh into British empire. Charter Act in 1813 AD, Christian missionaries were
given the right to live in India and spread their religion. Indian soldiers
also got inspiration from the defeat of British army in the Cremian War. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. The immediate reason for the
freedom struggle in 1857 was the pig and cow fat-plated cartridges<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9. Among the main heroes of the
struggle for freedom in 1857 were - Rani Lakshmi Bai, Nana Saheb, Tantya Tope,
Kunwar Singh, Bahadur Shah Zafar, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10. The expanse of 1857 freedom
struggle was up to the many states of South India, like Maharashtra, Hyderabad,
Madras, etc<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11. The expanse of the revolution
of 1857 in Rajasthan was up to Naseerabad, Neemuch, Deoli, Tonk, Erinpura and
Kota.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12. Veer Sawarkar called the
freedom struggle of 1857 as the ‘First War of Independence’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rajasthan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Thakur Kushal
Singh of Auwa was the bitterest enemy of the British. He severely defeated the
Jodhpur state and British army during his struggle against the British rulers.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Questions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Who was the writer of'Bharat
Ka Pratham Swatantrata Sangram':<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(a) R. P. Majumdar (b) Ashok
Mehta (c*) Veer Savarkar (d) Dada Bhai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Major Burton was a political
agent in :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Kota<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Who led the struggle for
freedom in 1857?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Bahadur Shah Zafar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. On which date was the
revolution started?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. 10th May 1857<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-29219425406098426582017-10-29T23:53:00.002-07:002017-10-29T23:53:24.873-07:00RBSE IMPORTANT POINTS AND QUESTIONS - 1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chapter No. 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ancient
Civilisations of the World<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Important Points<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Harappan
Civilisation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Civilisations developed in
the middle of Indus(Sindhu) and its tributaries and Saraswati river is known as
Indus- Saraswati Civilisation.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Saraswati River originates from the Himalayas, and enters in
Nohar in Rajasthan. From here it flows to Bikaner and Jaisalmer, and enters the
Rann of Kutch in Gujarat and finally merges in the Arabian Sea near
Prabhas-Patan. Saraswati River, at present, is not in existence. According to
Vedic Epic Hindu literature like Ramayana and Mahabharata, there is clear
evidence which reveals the presence of the river. During Mahabharata war,
Krishna's brother Balram had visited many pilgrimages which were located near
the banks of the Saraswati River.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">It is believed
that this Sindhu-Saraswati Civilization was born a long time back, and by 3250
B.C. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
main sites of Indus-Saraswati civilization Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro and Bhawalpur
are now in Pakistan. Whereas Kalibangan (Rajasthan), Rakhigarhi, Dholavira,
Rangpur, Lothal are in India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">In the year
1921, Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni, an archaeologist, excavated the Harappa town.
Another archaeologist Rakhaldas Banerjee, in the year 1922, discovered
Mohenjo-daro. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Indus-Saraswati
civilization was famous for its town planning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. Mahenjo-Daro means "The
Mound of Dead"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vedic
Civilisation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Vedas, Brahmins,
Upanishads, Aranyakas are the major Vedic Literature. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There are four Vedas:
The Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda and the Atharvaveda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. In Vedic society the caste
(Varna) system was based on Karma<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Hundred was the
maximum age, and for this, the ideal of four Ashramas developed for people-
Brahmacharya, Grihastha, Vanaprastha and Sanyasa. Sixteen rituals were done
during the Vedic period, so that an individual's character could be enhanced.
Some of the important among these were-Pushvan, Anna Prashan, Mundan, Namkaran,
Vidhyarajan, Vivah, etc. Cows were held with great respect, they were symbols
of wealth and prosperity of the Aryans.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">MESOPOTAMIAN
CIVILIZATION</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. Mesopotamia (Iraq) is a Greek
word, which means 'the land between two rivers'(</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Euphrates, and Tigris). The
civilization of Sumerians, Babylonia and Assyrians is together known as the
Mesopotamia Civilization. Ur was one of the largest cities in Mesopotamia.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9. The Temples of Mesopotamia
are known as 'Ziggurat'.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Hammurabi the king of Babylon established firm laws for his
people of his kingdom, and this is one of the ancient law codes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">EGYPTIAN
CIVILIZATION</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10. The Egyptian civilization
was developed in Nile river valley. In Egyptian civilization pyramid of Giza is
the best artwork from the ancient architectural point of view.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The Pharaoh was
the ruler of ancient Egypt.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">CHINESE
CIVILIZATION</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11. The ancient civilization of
China developed around Huang He (Yellow river) and Yangtze river valleys.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12. The Great Wall of China is
the best model of ancient architecture.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">GREEK
CIVILIZATION</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Greece was the
first country in Europe to develop. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were
famous philosophers of Greece.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Sparta and Athens were the two most important city-states. Sparta
was ruled by Military power, whereas Athens was a Democratic.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">ANCIENT
CIVILIZATION OF RAJASTHAN</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14. From Kalibangan (</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Hanumangarh
district)</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">evidences
of pre-Harappa and post-Harappa period are found.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Presently, river Ghaggar flows
in this area, which was known as Saraswati during the ancient period.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Ahar : This a
small town in the Udaipur district of south-eastern Rajasthan in the Banas
Valley and is a major center for Bronze culture. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Dhulkot was the central place of Ahar
Civilisation, so this civilization was majorly known as Dhulkot. This culture
was developed in the valley of Berach Banas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">16. Balathal civilization is
situated in Vallabhnagar tehsil of Udaipur district<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">17. In the foothills of Mount
Abu in Sirohi district near Abu-road, Chandravati civilization is located<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; text-transform: uppercase;">OBJECTIVE
QUESTION :</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">1.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which of the Archaeological site of the
Indus Valley civilization is in Pakistan? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (a)
Harappa (b) Rangpur (c) Kalibanga (d) Dholavira<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">2.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which of the texts gives the knowledge of
the Vedic Civilization?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (a)
Vedas (b) Upanishads (c) Aranyakas (d) all of the above<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">3.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Egypt civilization is situated in which river:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (a)
Nile (b) Indus (c) Hwang Ho (d) Dajla and Farat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">4.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Who was the author of the best epics of
the world-Odyssey and Iliad?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (a)
Herodotus (b) Thucydides (c*) Homar (d) Phythogoras<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">5.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Ploughed fields remains are been found
from which place:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (a)
Kalibanga (b) Ahar (c) Chadravati (d) Mohenjo-daro<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">6.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Dhulakot and Bronze place is the name of
which civilization:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (a)
Bhalathal (b) Chandravati (c) Ahar (d) Indus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chapter No. 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The World's
Leading Philosophy<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Important Points<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Vedic philosophy, Jain
Philosophy, Buddhist philosophy, Islamic philosophy, Christian Philosophy and Persian
philosophy are the leading life philosophies of the world<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. <b>Vedic philosophy:</b> is based on Vedas. There are four Vedas - the
Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samveda and the Atharvaveda.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Rigveda is
considered to be the most ancient out of these and the world's first book.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Vedic religion
believes in the theory of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. </span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Jain Philosophy</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> :Tirthankaras
have played an important role in the development of Jain philosophy. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The first
Tirthankara of Jain religion was Rishabhdev, twenty-third Tirthankara was
Parshvanath and twenty-forth Tirthankara was Mahavira Swami(</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Vardhaman)</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Five main
Mahavratas of Jain Dharma are - Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya(not to steal),
Brahmacharya and Aparigraha(not to collect wealth).</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The word 'Jain'
is formed out of 'Jin'. Its literary meaning is 'winner'.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Buddha Philosophy:</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Mahatma Buddha(Siddhartha) was born in
563 BC in Kapilvastu republic in northern Bihar in a Shakya family in Kshatriya
clan. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There
are four Noble Truths of Buddhist Philosophy - suffering, cause of suffering,
removal of suffering and Eightfold path for suffering removal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. Hazrat Muhammad Saheb was
founder of Islamic philosophy. His important teachings are found in Quran.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> When Hazrat
Muhammad had to leave Mecca and go to Madina. This important incident is known
as Hijrat in Islam.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. Jesus Christ was the founder
of Christian religion. His sermons are compiled in the sacred text of
Christians 'Bible'.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Zoroaster</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> was the
founder of Persian religion. The sacred text of this religion is the Avesta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">According to the
philosophical thoughts established by Zoroaster, the body is mortal and the
soul is immortal. By following truthfulness or falsehood, a person attains
heaven or hell according to his actions.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Important Questions</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. When was Mahavir Swami born ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Mahavira was born into a
royal family in Kundgram near Vaishali (Bihar) in 599 BC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Where did Mahatma Buddha
deliver his first sermon ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. At Sarnath near Benaras<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. When did Hijri Samvat begin ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. 622 B.C.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. How many Purasharthas are
there ? Write their names<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Four - Dharma, Artha, Kama
and Moksha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. Where is Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam described ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam is
described in Vedic philosophy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. What was the childhood name
of Mahatma Buddha?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Gautama or Siddhartha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. What is the cause of
sufferings according to Mahatma Buddha?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Desire is the cause of
sufferings<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9. How many sects is the Buddha
religion divided into?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Two (Hinayana &
Mahayana)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10. What is the incident of
migration of Muhammad Sahab from Mecca to Madina called ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Hijra<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11. Who were the most important
disciples of Jesus Christ ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Saint Paul and Peter
propagated his doctrines to far-off places<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12. What are the followers of
ancient principles of Bible called ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Catholics are the followers
of ancient principles of Bible<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13. Who was the founder of
Persian religion ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Zarathushtra Spitama or
Zoroaster, was the founder of Zoroastrianism<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14. Who is considered as the
symbol of supreme God in the Persian religion ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Ahura Mazda is described as
the highest spirit of worship in Zoroastrianism<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chapter No. 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ancient India
and the World<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. India was known as the
'Golden Bird' in ancient time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. The part of Asia where Indian
civilization was spread from ancient period to 10th century is known as Greater
India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Greater India was spread
towards Central Asia, north-eastern and south-eastern part of Asia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. In Greater India Hindu
temples and Buddhist stupas were found almost everywhere.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. In ancient India pearl,
precious stones, clothes, spices, medicines, etc. were the main items that were
exported to foreign countries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. In ancient time, the trade
unions were called Shreni, Shreshthi or Gan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. The architectural monuments
found in India are of four types - pillars, stupas or mounds, buildings and cave
temples.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. The statue made on the Sarnath
Pillars of Ashoka is an excellent example of Indian sculpture.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Among the stupas, the Sanchi
stupa near Bhopal in middle India is the most famous.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9. During ancient period Taxila,
Nalanda University and Ujjain, Benaras, Rajgir and Patliputra were the main
centres of higher education.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The world's first university was established in Takshshila
in 700 BC. Second university was established in Nalanda in 400 BC. To obtain
education of knowledge, Megasthenes, Huin Tsang, Fa Hein, etc. foreign scholars
visited India.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10. In ancient India three
languages were popular - Sanskrit, Prakrit and Pali language.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Mudrarakshasa
of Vishakhadatta, Arthashastra of Kautilya are the excellent works in Sanskrit
literature.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The greatest
contribution of India in mathematics is the invention of zero, which was
invented in the 5th century by Aryabhatta. Aryabhatta also obtained the
knowledge of the famous determinant 'pie' up to four places of decimals in
ratio to the circle's circumference and diameter. Aryabhatta also explained the
concept of solar eclipse and lunar eclipse by finding out about various planets
and constellations. Bhaskaracharya presented the rule that if a negative number
is divided by zero, the result is infinity.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Dhanvantari is
regarded as the Father of Ayurveda. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sushruta is considered as the first
surgical doctor</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">(plastic
surgeon)</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
of Ayurvcda.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
Charak also has a significant place in the field of medicinal science.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Questions-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Which country was called the
Golden bird in ancient time?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. India<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. What is Nishk?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Golden coin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Kamara Sambhavam and
Raghuvansham is written by-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Kalidas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. Where is the stone pillar
situated which is erected on the plain earth?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Sarnath<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. Lilavati and
Siddhanta-Siromani text is written by :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Bhaskaracharya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. Where is Angkorwat situated?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Cambodia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. What is the ancient name of Vietnam?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Champa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. Where is Iron pillar
situated?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. 1600 years old iron pillar
of Delhi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9. Who had calculated the value
of 'pie'?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Aryabhatt<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10. Who had introduced the
Pythagoras theorem?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. By a scholar named
Baudhayana, 2700 years ago.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">19. What was the ancient name of
Thailand?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ans. Siam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-53453983601545720792016-08-15T23:40:00.000-07:002016-08-15T23:40:01.148-07:00Climate<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-46234031086698086852016-06-03T02:07:00.002-07:002016-06-03T02:07:21.917-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Resources and Development<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Resource:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Anything satisfy the human needs, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If <b>technically</b> accessible<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Economically</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> feasible,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Culturally</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> acceptable<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Relationship between nature, technology and
institution<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Human (itself resource) </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> interact
with nature through technology </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> create<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Institutions (building, bridges etc.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Types of Resources:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Resources can be classified on different bases;
into following types:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On the basis of origin: Biotic
and Abiotic<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On the basis of exhaustibility:
Renewable and Non-renewable<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On the
basis of ownership: Individual, community, national and international<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On the basis of status of
development: Potential, Developed, Stock and Reserves<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Classification of Resources: On
the basis of Origin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biotic Resources:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> All living organisms in our
environment are called biotic resources. For example, trees, animals, insects,
etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abiotic Resources:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> All non-living things
present in our environment are termed as abiotic resources. For example –
earth, air, water, metals, rocks, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Classification of Resources: On
the basis of Exhaustibility:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Renewable or Replenshible
Resources:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Resources
that can be replenished after a short period of time are called Renewable
Resources. For example – agricultural crops, water, forest, wildlife, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Non-renewable or non Replenshible
Resources:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Resources
which takes million years of time to replenish are called non-renewable
resources. For example – fossil fuel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Classification of Resources: On
the Basis of ownership:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Individual:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Resources owned by
individuals are called Individual Resources. For example – land owned by
farmers, house, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Community:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Resources owned by
community or society are called Community Owned Resources. For example –
Graveyard, grazing land, ponds, burial grounds, park, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">National Resources:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Technically all resources
within political boundary and oceanic
area up to 12 nautical miles ( 22.2 km ) For example – Government land, Roads,
canals, railway, etc. Country has legal right to acquire private property.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="Maritime-Zones.jpg-2.jpg" id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1035" style="height: 251.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 468pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="Maritime-Zones.jpg-2" src="file:///C:\Users\RECEPT~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">International Resources:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Resources regulate by
International bodies are called International Resources. For example – Ocean
and sea beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone and is called
open sea or ocean. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">EEZ:</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> Acc. To UN Convention, under the law of sea ( 1982
) EEZ is a sea Zone over which a country
has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrcirINqgETyf9ar3v7vliuJKzfUyos8ZmlQt4_ovskFNuY4Y-fyZy1szv2OOoVKo-kxsOE86TKIXv-6Oe2dUH52t2itKsJLUbC9MAuzyRTxAsr22d7xPTsmSfn37jw6d2wMnSSYCiIJfd/s1600/Maritime-Zones.jpg-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrcirINqgETyf9ar3v7vliuJKzfUyos8ZmlQt4_ovskFNuY4Y-fyZy1szv2OOoVKo-kxsOE86TKIXv-6Oe2dUH52t2itKsJLUbC9MAuzyRTxAsr22d7xPTsmSfn37jw6d2wMnSSYCiIJfd/s400/Maritime-Zones.jpg-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3ajR5LRv6-OffE5Mj7zBjAP8Yoq2-fNPZb54a3gAsmc-hQsM3gsVbGvAK8j_fC_yK8HymE3sNPhF7FZWvLlriWfoFEJYxjG2jX1m0bZCy_xTSXx04oZaaNbQLsjesj1ENyUDM_ha-N3ii/s1600/Scan_20160409+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3ajR5LRv6-OffE5Mj7zBjAP8Yoq2-fNPZb54a3gAsmc-hQsM3gsVbGvAK8j_fC_yK8HymE3sNPhF7FZWvLlriWfoFEJYxjG2jX1m0bZCy_xTSXx04oZaaNbQLsjesj1ENyUDM_ha-N3ii/s400/Scan_20160409+%25283%2529.jpg" width="291" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="Scan_20160409 (3).jpg" id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1034" style="height: 640.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 468pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Classification of Resources: On the basis of Status
of Development:<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Potential Resources:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Resources which are found in a particular region,
but not yet used properly due to the lack of capital or other resources. For
example – Rajasthan and Gujarat receive plenty of solar energy and have plenty
of wind energy, but use of these resources so far has not been developed
properly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Developed Resources:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Resources which are developed and surveyed for
utilization and are being used in present time are known as Developed
Resources.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Stock:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Resources that are available, but we do not have
proper technology to used them are called Stock. For example – water is made of
oxygen and hydrogen, which can be used as fuel, but because of lack of proper
technology these are not being used.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reserves:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Resources which are available and the knowhow to
use them is also present but there uses have been postponed keeping in mind,
the need of future generations. For example – river water which is not used to
generate electricity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></h2>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Development of resources<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Resources are vital but human
used it indiscriminately<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Result:<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">→</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Ecological crisis<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Many problems around the world, such as global
warming, ecological crisis, disturbance in ozone layer, land degradation etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reasons:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Accumulation of resources in only few hands leaves others unsatisfied.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Indiscriminate use of resources, thus, equal distribution of resources
becomes necessary for sustainable development.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Sustainable Development:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Development which
takes place without damaging the environment and compromising with needs of
future is called sustainable development.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Keeping
the view of justified use of resources and sustainable development, the Earth
Summit was organized in <b>1992 in Rio de Janeiro</b> in which more than 100
state heads agreed with Agenda 21 for the sustainable development and proper
use of resources.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Agenda 21</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">is an agenda to
combat environmental damage, poverty, disease, etc. through global co-operation
on common interests, mutual needs and shared <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">responsibilities.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Concept
of sustainable development was introduced by ‘Bruntland Commission Report’ 1987<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Resource Planning:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Resource planning is the judicious use of
resources. Resource planning becomes more important in a country like India,
where resources are not distributed properly. For example; many states are rich
in mineral and deficient in other resources, such as Jharkhand is rich in
minerals, but there is problem of drinking water and other facilities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Arunachal
Pradesh has plenty of water but lack of other development because of lack of
resources.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">These types of discriminations can be reduced or completely
vanished with proper planning of judicious use of resources.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Resource Planning in India:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Resources can contribute in proper development only
with a good planning keeping the technology, skills and institution in mind.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Resource Planning in India is one of the most
important goals right from its first Five Years Plan. Following are the main
points of Resource planning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Identification:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> survey, qualitative and
quantitative assessment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Planning structure:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> appropriate technology, skill
and institutions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Matching resource</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> planning with overall national development plan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Conservation of Resources:<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">→</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Gandhiji told “There is enough for
everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed.” He believed in the production
by masses and not in the mass production.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">→</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Gandhian philosophy of resource
conservation is also advocated in the Schumacher book ‘Small is beautiful’.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">→</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">A book “Our common future” also tells
about sustainable development<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></h2>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Land Resources:<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Land is
one of the most important natural resources. Land supports our life system.
Thus, careful planning of use of land resource is necessary. India comprises of
many types of land. These are mountains, plateau, plains and islands.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Mountains:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">About 30% of land area in India is in the form of
mountain. Mountain supports the perennial flow of rivers, which carry fertile
soils, facilitate irrigation and provide drinking water.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Plain:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">About 43% of land area in India is in the form of
plains. Plains provide facilities for agriculture, building of industries and
houses, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">C.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Plateau:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">About 27% of land in India is in the form of
plateau which provides many types of minerals, fossil fuels and forest.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h4 style="background: white; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Land Utilization: Patterns of use
of Land Resources<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Forests<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Land not available for cultivation:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>There
are two types of land which are not used for agriculture purpose. These are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt 39.9pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Barren and waste land: Rocky, arid and desert area<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt 39.9pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Lands used for buildings, roads, factories, etc. i.e for non-agriculture
purpose.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Other uncultivated land (excluding fallow land): buildings, roads etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt 39.9pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Permanent pastures and grazing land,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt 39.9pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Land under miscellaneous tree crops groves (not included in net sown
area),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt 39.9pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Culturable waste land (left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural
years).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Fallow lands<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt 39.9pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Current fallow-(left without cultivation for one or less than one
agricultural year),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt 39.9pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Other than current fallow-(left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5
agricultural years).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Net sown area:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Area which
is sown at least once in a year is called net sown area. In this case an area
sown more than once is counted once only <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Gross cropped area:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Area
sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as
gross cropped area.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Example:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> If you have 1
acre field it means you have net sown area of 1 acre.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">If it is sown 3 times in a year than you have gross
cropped area of 3 acres<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Land Use Pattern in India:<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Pattern
of use of land depends upon physical and human factors both. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1.
Climate<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2.
topography,<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3. type
of soil,<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">4. <b>Human factors:</b> technology, skill,
population density, tradition, capability, etc. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">India
has total 3.28 million square kilometer land used data.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Land use
data available 93% of land.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Reason:<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> This is because land used data has not been
collected for the north eastern states except Assam and the land occupied by
Pakistan and China has not been surveyed because of many unavoidable reasons.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Main
features of Land use<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1. The
land under permanent pasture is decreased: 4.71% (1960-61) to 3.38% (2008-9).
Result: this will create the problem for grazing for large cattle population in
India. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2. The total
net sown (NSA) increased from 45.26 %( 1960-61) to 46.24% (2008-9). <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3.
Culturable waste land decreased from 12.01 %( 1960-61) to 8.61% (2008-9). <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">4.
Forest area increased from 18.11% ( 1960-61) to 22.78 % (2008-9). According to National Forest Policy (1952),
the forest should be 33% of total geographical area, which is essential to maintain
ecological balance. But the forest area in India is far less than desired
measures.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">5. The
pattern of net sown area varies widely from state to state. Where net sown area
is 80% in state like Punjab, it is only 10% in the state of Arunachal Pradesh,
Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman and Nicobar Island. Such difference is creating
lot of discrimination.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">6.Land
other than fallow land is either of poor quality or too costly to cultivate,
these lands are cultivated only once or twice in two or three consecutive
years.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<h1 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></h1>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Land Degradation<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Presently,
about 130 million hectare of land is reported under degraded land in India.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1. 28% of land forest degraded<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2. 56 %
is water eroded area.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3. 6%
degraded land is because of salinity and alkalinity.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">4. 10%
wind eroded<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Reason
for land degradation<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1. Mining, forest
fire, overgrazing etc.</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Because
of mining in the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Madhya Pradesh;
lands are left abandoned without proper treatment after the completion of
mining works. This has resulted in the form of deep scars and traces. Along
with mining, deforestation in these states has degraded the land very fast.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2. Division
of lands in small area because of inheritance laws is one of the major causes
of degradation of land.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. In the states of Uttar
Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, over irrigation causes water shortage and increase in
salinity and alkalinity due to water logging.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. In Bihar, Assam, Arunachal
Pradesh, land is degraded because of flood.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. States, in which minerals
processing, such as grinding of lime stone, manufacturing of cement, etc.
produce huge quantity of dust. These dusts prevent the percolation of water because
of deposition on the ground and it is responsible for degradation of land.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The degradation of land creates
many problems, such as flood, decrease in yield, etc. which leads to decrease
in GDP and country has to face economic problems.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Measures to Conserve the Land
Resources:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Degradation of land can be
prevented by taking following measures:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Afforestation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proper management of grazing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Stabilisation
of sand dunes by plantation of thorny bushes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proper management of waste lands.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">By proper irrigation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">By proper
harvesting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">g.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Control over mining activities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">h.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proper management of land after
completion of mining work.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Discharge
of industrial waste and effluents only after proper treatment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">j.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Plantation
of trees along the road sides.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 3.9pt 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">k.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">By preventing deforestation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Soil as a natural resource:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Soil is one of the most important
natural resources. Soil supports the growth of plants. Soil is the natural home
of many living organism, such as ants, rats, snakes, and many insects.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Formation of Soil:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> It takes thousands of years
to form even 1 cm of soil. Soil is formed by the weathering process of the
rocks. Various natural forces, such as temperature, running water, wind, etc.
along with many physical and chemical changes are equally important in the
formation of soil formation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Classification of Soil:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Soil is categorized in many types
on the basis of texture, colour, age, chemical properties, etc. India is a vast
country which comprises of many types of land. Thus, many types of soils are
found in different regions in India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Alluvial Soil<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Availability:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Alluvial soil is found near
the river or plains formed by rivers.. Entire northern plain is made of
alluvial soil. Alluvial soil is also found in eastern coastal plains near the
Mahanadi, the Krishna, the Godavari and the Kaveri rivers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Characterstics:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 46.4pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Alluvial soil is the mixture of various proportions of silt, sand and
clay. Alluvial soils differ in the size of their particles at the area of break
of slope. <b>Conglomerate</b> (rounded fragments of soil) deposits found in
“Bhabhar” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<v:shape alt="Scan_20160409 (7).jpg" id="Picture_x0020_10" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" style="height: 1390.65pt; mso-left-percent: -10001; mso-left-percent: -10001; mso-position-horizontal-relative: char; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: line; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-top-percent: -10001; mso-top-percent: -10001; mso-wrap-style: square; rotation: 5726446fd; visibility: visible; width: 948.4pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="Scan_20160409 (7)" src="file:///C:\Users\RECEPT~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.jpg">
<w:wrap type="none">
<w:anchorlock>
</w:anchorlock></w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. In upper valley i.e Piedmont
plains – “Duars” “Chos” & “Terai”,
soil is coarse.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Apart from the size of particles of grains,
soils are also classified on the basis of their age. The older alluvial soil is
known as Bangar and new alluvial soil or Khadar. </span><span style="font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; font-size: 14pt;">The </span><span style="color: #4c4c4c; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Bookman-Demi;">bangar </span><span style="font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; font-size: 14pt;">soil has higher concentration of </span><i><span style="font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; font-size: 14pt;">kanker </span></i><span style="font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; font-size: 14pt;">nodules than the </span><span style="color: #4c4c4c; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Bookman-Demi;">Khadar.</span><span style="font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> Khadar has
more fine particles and is more fertile than the </span><span style="color: #4c4c4c; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Bookman-Demi;">bangar</span><span style="font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; font-size: 14pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. In drier part soil is more
alkaline.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Note:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(1). Duars:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> These are
foothills of eastern Himalayas in North east</span><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(2). Terai: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Belt of marshy land at the
foothills of Himalayas in North India<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(3). Chos:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Foothills of Shivaliks in
Punjab.<b> :<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(4). Piedmont plains: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">An area found on the foot of mountain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></h2>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Black Soil/ Regur soil/ Cotton soil<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Availability:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Black soil is
found in the north west deccan plateau( Basalt region). It is found in the
plateau of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh and
extent along with the valley of Krishna and Godavari Rivers.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Characterstics:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Black soil has high concentration of fine
particles and thus can hold moisture for long time. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2.It
contains calcium, potassium, magnesium and lime but lacks in phosphoric
content.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">4. Black
soil is suitable for the growth of cotton, but many other crop are grown in the
area of black soil.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">5. </span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Bookman-Light;">They
develop deep cracks during hot weather, which helps in the proper aeration of
the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></h2>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Red and Yellow Soil<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Availability:</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Red soil is also
found in Odisha, Chhattisgarh, on the southern part of the Gangetic plains and
along the piedomont zone of the Western Ghats.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Characterstics:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">The soil
looks red due to presence of iron in metamorphic rocks.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> When the soil look yellow when it occurs in
dehydrated form. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Laterite
Soil<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Availability:</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> This soil is
mainly found in Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and in hilly
areas of Orissa and Assam.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Characterstics:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1.
Formed by leaching process <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2. Soil
does not contain humus or contains very low amount of humus.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Reason:<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Bookman-Light;">Most
of the micro organisms, particularly the decomposers, like bacteria, get
destroyed due to high temperature.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Bookman-Light; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="Scan_20160409 (8).jpg" id="Picture_x0020_9" o:spid="_x0000_i1032" style="height: 640.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 468pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="Scan_20160409 (8)" src="file:///C:\Users\RECEPT~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Bookman-Light;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3. This
soil can be made cultivable with heavy dose of manures.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Note:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">What is
Leaching?<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">A process
of extracting minerals from a solid by dissolving them in a liquid in nature.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTmucZa2PkBh-xbBTl5dUnS_2GeHeTdNnaVB4xsLl_ogHFkCEDfz3-Gmn1U3MBxb5JUHZZjD2E99pQKCktlbt2lb0Lorlp1quMPiI8C5r56W7VMHo38CfIMzVHX7bP20rErd-rz0_W6EM6/s1600/Scan_20160409+%25288%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTmucZa2PkBh-xbBTl5dUnS_2GeHeTdNnaVB4xsLl_ogHFkCEDfz3-Gmn1U3MBxb5JUHZZjD2E99pQKCktlbt2lb0Lorlp1quMPiI8C5r56W7VMHo38CfIMzVHX7bP20rErd-rz0_W6EM6/s400/Scan_20160409+%25288%2529.jpg" width="291" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><br /></span>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; tab-stops: 14.2pt 60.25pt 106.3pt 153.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Arid Soil<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Availability:</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Arid soil is
found in those areas which receive scanty rainfall. Due to high temperature,
evaporation is faster in these regions. The soil has a high content of salt.
Arid soil can be made cultivable with proper treatment. Arid soil is present in
Rajasthan and Gujarat.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Forest Soil<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Availability:</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> The forest soil
is found in hilly areas where rain forest found.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Characterstics:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1. The
soil in upper parts which is snow covered is highly acidic because of
denudation. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2. Coarse
grained in upper slopes.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3. The
soil in the lower valleys is highly fertile particularly on river’s alluvial
fans.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Note:<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Alluvial fan: </span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Cone shape deposits of sediments by river when it enters into plains
from mountain.<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7sZnbJtORbq0G6agHHnXEXSsxS51PsVSDFC9dVWkJX_f7QD8SxESqoETkLaajJ68n_311D9HHIpW2NvDeG4puwlPnRwSTufRWBJD4bkdyH621oA1BhqMZJ5vnW7Uj5ABq1YAP_AFIxWMr/s1600/alluvial+fan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7sZnbJtORbq0G6agHHnXEXSsxS51PsVSDFC9dVWkJX_f7QD8SxESqoETkLaajJ68n_311D9HHIpW2NvDeG4puwlPnRwSTufRWBJD4bkdyH621oA1BhqMZJ5vnW7Uj5ABq1YAP_AFIxWMr/s400/alluvial+fan.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="alluvial fan.jpg" id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" style="height: 311.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 436.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="alluvial fan" src="file:///C:\Users\RECEPT~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<strong><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Denudation:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Wearing
of earth surface leading to a reduction of elevation of landscape.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Removal
of top soil is called soil erosion.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Causes:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1.
Overgrazing, construction activities and other human activities; along with
deforestation have led to soil erosion. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Result:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div style="margin-left: 46.4pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Formation of “gullies”( soil is cut by water making
deep channels). Land become unfit for cultivation and known as bad land. Such
land are also called “Ravines”. Eg. Chambal Ravines.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdRokClMUsK85HgLLQ__I0dlnQOrRB4WmDh8qy2wvcdPlpoi5RWbAVAEFf8_9DVkGGu1HPD26WNxU-2kq-A7Bs32D9CpHGP6Cqjy0DbJODrc92kS7Wy5uKeLxsL_KSnMkfcBswg7z4jGWh/s1600/sheet+erosion.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdRokClMUsK85HgLLQ__I0dlnQOrRB4WmDh8qy2wvcdPlpoi5RWbAVAEFf8_9DVkGGu1HPD26WNxU-2kq-A7Bs32D9CpHGP6Cqjy0DbJODrc92kS7Wy5uKeLxsL_KSnMkfcBswg7z4jGWh/s400/sheet+erosion.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivw8ZEn97qqjQquSvtY7KK_m_-SuHSojRGqqqIi6tE5MRvVlIr8uO9LwYSteZuHwKy4wEFzzLgOqOYCSi1MR42ktCu5VjrvxDrOz1Fm42nd2bSIpltSd_GsDAoO5G36mmR9RRkwOo2SID3/s1600/gully+erosion+ravines.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivw8ZEn97qqjQquSvtY7KK_m_-SuHSojRGqqqIi6tE5MRvVlIr8uO9LwYSteZuHwKy4wEFzzLgOqOYCSi1MR42ktCu5VjrvxDrOz1Fm42nd2bSIpltSd_GsDAoO5G36mmR9RRkwOo2SID3/s400/gully+erosion+ravines.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2.Sheet
erosion: Water flows as a sheet over large area down a slope. Top soil is
washed away.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="sheet erosion.png" id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" style="height: 145.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 444pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="sheet erosion" src="file:///C:\Users\RECEPT~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3.Soil
erosion; if not checked in time; can even lead to desertification.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Conservation
of soil<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Soil
conservation is important to prevent soil erosion. Soil conservation can be
done by many methods.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1.
Afforestation is the main method because trees hold the topsoil in place.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2.
Terrace farming <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNuVOGpK5E26uklRkU9O7JhuVj3V1tQIDQWhdIBUa2G6KgzFOrOWg7hnoI__3ICUqs8IFPm1-MohzyRqrYpx_eqQIwOV7j8r3tfeLJoQvIRV0SVMIYkWonYVdP8EfgjbxRmHw8qzuIxaw3/s1600/terrace+farming.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNuVOGpK5E26uklRkU9O7JhuVj3V1tQIDQWhdIBUa2G6KgzFOrOWg7hnoI__3ICUqs8IFPm1-MohzyRqrYpx_eqQIwOV7j8r3tfeLJoQvIRV0SVMIYkWonYVdP8EfgjbxRmHw8qzuIxaw3/s400/terrace+farming.gif" width="400" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 46.4pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Strip cropping<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Contour ploughing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4. Shelter belt planting<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-91473083836321427522016-05-30T02:49:00.005-07:002016-05-30T02:49:49.444-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> The Making of a Global World<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<em><b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Globalization</span></b></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(or<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><b><span style="font-style: normal;">globalisation</span></b></em>) is
the process of international integration arising from the</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; text-indent: -14.2pt;">interchange
of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> ‘Globalisation’ refer to an economic system
that has emerged since the last 50 years or so.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> However
the making of the global world has a long history – of trade, of migration, of
people in</span><span style="font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; text-indent: -14.2pt;">search of
work, the movement of capital, and much else.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Globalisation
in Ancient Times<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> From
ancient times, travellers, traders, priests and pilgrims travelled vast
distances for knowledge,opportunity and spiritual fulfilment, or to escape
persecution. They carried goods, money, values, skills, ideas, inventions, and
even germs and diseases.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Example 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> As early
as 3000 BCE an active coastal trade linked the Indus valley civilisations with
present-day West Asia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq4jodjL6I0T-M7SpgCsLQ5H7rrKWT7Y7Iyo5l95aDwm2GNgvDLuyMlF9CHoq8YJGCjonXjAU5YM0zvSipz3rHfLn6H7rRuemnXoWo8ppN-fxshU4ILBmR0r86qF-1qEGHLdcr5m6ErOXc/s1600/Harappa-Sumer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq4jodjL6I0T-M7SpgCsLQ5H7rrKWT7Y7Iyo5l95aDwm2GNgvDLuyMlF9CHoq8YJGCjonXjAU5YM0zvSipz3rHfLn6H7rRuemnXoWo8ppN-fxshU4ILBmR0r86qF-1qEGHLdcr5m6ErOXc/s400/Harappa-Sumer.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Example 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> For more
than a millennia, cowries (the Hindi cowdi or seashells, used as a form of currency) </span><span style="font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; text-indent: -14.2pt;">from the
Maldives found their way to China and East Africa.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnpqSkwxpn4oASdd-AtTvNcFO7d24BYqIobh83Z9cb7jfq18LKaau8GfSYN_b45BouHF5pK_PDVPzZZQ-8ptY54ev62OaRiI2RONJ1bMujMJuqR9M-dlN71OvfvOv_6G1zFdjv9j6gHLEt/s1600/money_cowrie.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnpqSkwxpn4oASdd-AtTvNcFO7d24BYqIobh83Z9cb7jfq18LKaau8GfSYN_b45BouHF5pK_PDVPzZZQ-8ptY54ev62OaRiI2RONJ1bMujMJuqR9M-dlN71OvfvOv_6G1zFdjv9j6gHLEt/s400/money_cowrie.jpg" width="327" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Example 3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Silk
Route (<b>Silk Routes Link the World)<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The silk
routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links
between distant parts of the world. They are known to have existed since before
the Christian Era and thrived almost till the fifteenth century.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Chinese
pottery and silk cargoes travelled the same route, as did textiles and spices
from India and Southeast Asia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> In
return, precious metals – gold and silver – flowed from Europe to Asia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFtd7kY1WGoEmytlvSsxnW_xbor7FIYL_mFzAmaK_xKtGxPJj2igCw-ivoQEBLuwICynFJrerV7ygsBKC4GnLlXm8ejohGPL977jgjU0aNBlm5NUv6FxsZ80uIBbJGhhWZkucCnS8BOGLm/s1600/Silk_Road.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFtd7kY1WGoEmytlvSsxnW_xbor7FIYL_mFzAmaK_xKtGxPJj2igCw-ivoQEBLuwICynFJrerV7ygsBKC4GnLlXm8ejohGPL977jgjU0aNBlm5NUv6FxsZ80uIBbJGhhWZkucCnS8BOGLm/s400/Silk_Road.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Example 4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Food
travels: Food offers many examples of long-distance cultural exchange. Traders
and travellers introduced new crops to the lands they travelled.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> It is
believed that noodles travelled west from China to become spaghetti.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Perhaps
Arab traders took pasta to fifth-century Sicily, an island now in Italy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> In India many of our common foods such as
potatoes,soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chillies, sweet potatoes, and so on
were not known to our ancestors until about five centuries ago. These foods
were only introduced in Europe and Asia after Christopher Columbus accidentally
discovered the vast continent that would later become known as the Americas.
(Here we will use ‘America’ to describe North America, South America and the
Caribbean.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Irish
potato Famine<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> After
introduction of potato in Ireland, Ireland’s poorest peasants became dependent
on potatoes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> When
disease destroyed the potato crop in the mid-1840s, around 1,000,000 people
died of starvation in Ireland, and double the number emigrated in search of
work.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Conquest,
Disease and Trade<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
pre-modern world shrank greatly in the sixteenth century after European sailors
found a sea route to Asia and America.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Example 1:
America<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Before
its ‘discovery’, America had been cut off from regular contact with the rest of
the world for millions of years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
Portuguese and Spanish conquest and colonisation of America was decisively
under way by the mid-sixteenth century.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Peru and
Mexico enhanced Europe’s wealth and financed its trade with Asia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Legends
spread in seventeenth-century Europe about South America’s fabled wealth. Many expeditions
set off in search of El Dorado, the fabled city of gold.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> European
conquest was not just a result of superior firepower. In fact, the most
powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors was the germs such as those of
smallpox. Because of long isolation, America’s original inhabitants had no
immunity against these diseases that came from Europe. It killed and decimated
whole communities, paving the way for conquest.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7TDavlYkcUZt5m-zxetYWMwxS1YJXbOq1kh-zsXWh2H_B7MkQVkuZmQbDxabV_2FG1S0H6sLxDYozWswc3G7fM_JooJTzXjrmNhF4OV7cmbd-Gps3JBjfUjUWcX9B_aqCriSWNUBOQHmk/s1600/spanish+conquest.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7TDavlYkcUZt5m-zxetYWMwxS1YJXbOq1kh-zsXWh2H_B7MkQVkuZmQbDxabV_2FG1S0H6sLxDYozWswc3G7fM_JooJTzXjrmNhF4OV7cmbd-Gps3JBjfUjUWcX9B_aqCriSWNUBOQHmk/s400/spanish+conquest.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> John
Winthorp, the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony in New England,
wrote in May 1634 that smallpox was God’s blessing for the colonists<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Example 2:
Europe<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Until the
nineteenth century, poverty and hunger were common in Europe. Cities were
crowded and deadly diseases were widespread.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Religious
conflicts were common, and religious <b>dissenters </b>were persecuted.
Thousands therefore fled Europe for America.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Example 3:
Africa<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Slaves
captured from Africa were auctioned in Europe and later transported to America
to work in plantations for growing cotton and sugar for European markets.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Note:
Until well into the eighteenth century, China and India were among the world’s
richest countries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> However,
from the fifteenth century, China is said to have restricted overseas contacts
and retreated into isolation. Europe now emerged as the centre of world trade.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
Nineteenth Century (1815-1914)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Economists
identify three types of movement or ‘flows’ within international economic
exchanges.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 1. The
flow of trade: In nineteenth century
referred largely to trade in goods (e.g., cloth or wheat). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 2. The
flow of labour – The migration of people in search of employment. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 3. The
movement of capital: Short-term or
long-term investments over long distances.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> I. Corn
Laws<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Population
growth from the late eighteenth century had increased the demand for food
grains, pushing up food grain prices in Britain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Under
pressure from landed groups, the government also restricted the import of corn.
The laws allowing the government to do this were commonly known as the ‘Corn
Laws’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Unhappy
with high food prices, industrialists and urban dwellers forced the abolition
of the Corn Laws.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Later the Corn Laws were scrapped, food could be
imported into Britain more cheaply than it could be produced within the
country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Result<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Vast
areas of land were now left uncultivated, and thousands of men and women were
thrown out of work. They flocked to the cities or migrated overseas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Around
the world – in Eastern Europe, Russia, America and Australia – lands were
cleared and food production expanded to meet the British demand. <b>(Flow of
Trade)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> For
transportation Railways were needed to link the agricultural regions to the
ports. New harbours had to be built and old ones expanded to ship the new
cargoes. All these activities in turn required capital and labour. Capital
flowed from financial centres such as London. <b>(Flow of Capital)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
demand for labour in places where labour was in short supply – as in America
and Australia – nearly 50 million people emigrated from Europe to America and
Australia in the nineteenth century.<b> (Flow of Labour )<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> II. Canal
colonies (West Punjab)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> In India
British government built a network of irrigation canals to transform
semi-desert wastes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> into
fertile agricultural lands that could grow wheat and cotton for export. Thus by
1890, a global agricultural economy had taken shape. <b>(Flow of Trade)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Role of
Technology in Globalisation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Colonisation
stimulated new investments and improvements in transport: faster railways,
lighter wagons and larger ships helped move food more cheaply and quickly from
faraway farms to final markets.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Example: refrigerated
ships<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Till the
1870s, animals were shipped live from America, Australia or New Zealand to Europe<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> <b>Drawbacks<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 1.live
animals took up a lot of ship space.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 2.Many
also died in voyage<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 3.fell
ill, lost weight, or became unfit to eat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 4. Meat
was hence an expensive luxury beyond the reach of the European poor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> After
1870s, the development of a new technology, namely, refrigerated ships, animals were slaughtered for food at the
starting point – in America, Australia or New Zealand – and then transported to
Europe as frozen meat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Late
nineteenth-century Colonialism<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2qGG0nfNNiOEi4pr4GRcfHU26w6_RYsI8iVw2qIX35-H5yqZkvXLQJU8CD0rIDvktzTgo08zB3vAaf9h8IIhgoEiU6ypIQEelrfvW0DAKLyAgsXmUJ0O3aheeh73Q-Bokk1wpo53RDKH0/s1600/henry+stanley.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2qGG0nfNNiOEi4pr4GRcfHU26w6_RYsI8iVw2qIX35-H5yqZkvXLQJU8CD0rIDvktzTgo08zB3vAaf9h8IIhgoEiU6ypIQEelrfvW0DAKLyAgsXmUJ0O3aheeh73Q-Bokk1wpo53RDKH0/s400/henry+stanley.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> If we
look at the map of Africa it can be seen that some countries’ borders run straight,
as if they were drawn using a ruler. Well, in fact this was almost how rival
European powers in Africa drew up<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> the
borders demarcating their respective territories. In 1885 the big European powers
met in Berlin to complete the carving up of Africa between them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghvpPsqB3JxGQWAoUA_VjSeylJD8iODDN3t7EZmx92OjCU8CnQU0YSpv9AsN1Kvby9h7p7VhjBPMq5ym48JcMDKLHQDibENxnYIHY_4G219sFUuXGnrRcIbEVv8sZflqt7XIVHT_PpAtqM/s1600/africa-seperations+1885.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghvpPsqB3JxGQWAoUA_VjSeylJD8iODDN3t7EZmx92OjCU8CnQU0YSpv9AsN1Kvby9h7p7VhjBPMq5ym48JcMDKLHQDibENxnYIHY_4G219sFUuXGnrRcIbEVv8sZflqt7XIVHT_PpAtqM/s400/africa-seperations+1885.jpg" width="388" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Belgium
and Germany became new colonial powers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The US
also became a colonial power in the late 1890s by taking over some colonies
earlier held by Spain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Rinderpest,
or the Cattle Plague<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Coming of
Rinderpest<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> In
Africa, in the 1890s, a fast-spreading disease of cattle plague or rinderpest
is an example of the widespread European imperial impact on colonised
societies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Rinderpest
arrived in Africa in the late 1880s. It was carried by infected cattle imported
from British Asia to feed the Italian soldiers invading Eritrea in East Africa.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhirMyJzgCydM1CaUXBkaDUxKQsa95HiJ-6a7WtBhyYM32x7oh9-TEit7NM6Zrmx_B-RaNwfeHah0QNgb5MzKdshLynm271l5t0W36UDfGnFq6AsoxiOBlQVjSFh6eJu9K42qjI34f3UUgg/s1600/spread+of+rinderpest.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhirMyJzgCydM1CaUXBkaDUxKQsa95HiJ-6a7WtBhyYM32x7oh9-TEit7NM6Zrmx_B-RaNwfeHah0QNgb5MzKdshLynm271l5t0W36UDfGnFq6AsoxiOBlQVjSFh6eJu9K42qjI34f3UUgg/s320/spread+of+rinderpest.jpg" width="298" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Entering
Africa in the east, rinderpest moved west ‘like forest fire’, reaching Africa’s
Atlantic coast in 1892. It reached the Cape (Africa’s southernmost tip) five
years later. Along the way rinderpest killed 90 per cent of the cattle.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Spread of
Rinderpest<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA01GHxLsVSDtovPg-Vil1i-5Vt-PMfAW-vqlUx7QeldkSwb_jPTJTFIxRlepS9AS-oA0uTClv-Br7BiyxkHIYPSPJrdU3jYzmXmyofWZ1T0Zxh8vOmzZEvP7hd5P_AuL3Oa3Wne67FSey/s1600/Rinderpest+1800%2527s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA01GHxLsVSDtovPg-Vil1i-5Vt-PMfAW-vqlUx7QeldkSwb_jPTJTFIxRlepS9AS-oA0uTClv-Br7BiyxkHIYPSPJrdU3jYzmXmyofWZ1T0Zxh8vOmzZEvP7hd5P_AuL3Oa3Wne67FSey/s400/Rinderpest+1800%2527s.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Result<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The loss
of cattle destroyed African livelihoods. Planters, mine owners and colonial
governments forced Africans into the
labour market.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Indentured
Labour Migration from India<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Indentured
labour – A bonded labourer under contract to work for an employer for a
specific amount of time, to pay off his passage to a new country or home.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> In the
nineteenth century, hundreds of thousands of Indian and Chinese labourers went
to work on plantations, in mines, and in road and railway construction projects
around the world.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Main
areas of migration from India: eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, central India and
the dry districts of Tamil Nadu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The main
destinations of Indian indentured Migrants:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 1.Caribbean
islands (mainly Trinidad, Guyana and Surinam), <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 2.Mauritius
and Fiji.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 3.Closer
home, Tamil migrants went to Ceylon and Malaya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 4.
Indentured workers were also recruited for tea plantations in Assam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9PAN3kjVJxuBCCWkoRXt7UFQGQvwUGar1rsAUwjXRZdGUfZ0N4ycnOmpJMO4Yxm977tx82g3JtKQmOcbYSeUDkbeSHfQoiUNb7tf3JzESTlnabcrHau0IyeX4gWSNXhyphenhyphenKd16R3j_2uB0S/s1600/indentured+labour+migration.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9PAN3kjVJxuBCCWkoRXt7UFQGQvwUGar1rsAUwjXRZdGUfZ0N4ycnOmpJMO4Yxm977tx82g3JtKQmOcbYSeUDkbeSHfQoiUNb7tf3JzESTlnabcrHau0IyeX4gWSNXhyphenhyphenKd16R3j_2uB0S/s400/indentured+labour+migration.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Situation
at destination:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> On
arrival at the plantations, labourers found conditions to be different from
what they had imagined. Living and working conditions were harsh, and there
were few legal rights.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Nineteenth-century
indenture has been described as a ‘new system of slavery’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Ways of
survival<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Many of
them escaped into the wilds, though if caught they faced severe punishment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Others
developed new forms of individual and collective self-expression, blending
different cultural forms, old and new.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Example:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Trinidad
the annual Muharram procession was transformed into a riotous carnival called
‘Hosay’ (for Imam Hussain) in which workers of all races and religions joined.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
protest religion of Rastafarianism (made famous by the Jamaican reggae star Bob
Marley) is also said to reflect social and cultural links with Indian migrants
to the Caribbean.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Note:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> How
did Rastafarianism begin?<em><span style="font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></em></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Rastafarianism
is a very new religion. It began in 1930 in Jamaica. A Jamaican, predicted there would be a black
messiah in Africa. As it turned out Ras Tafari, a prince, became Emperor of
Ethiopia in 1930. As emperor he was called Haile Selassie but the name
Rastafarianism comes from his name, Ras Tafari. </span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br />
<b><span style="background: white;">What do Rastafarians believe?</span></b><span style="background: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> They
believe that Ethiopia is their promised land. They hope one day to return there
just as the Israelites returned to the promised land after being slaves in
Egypt and Babylon. Rastas believe that God took human form first as Christ the
messiah then as Ras Tafari, the black messiah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> ‘Chutney
music’:<span style="background: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> ‘Chutney
music’, popular in Trinidad and Guyana, is another creative contemporary
expression of the post-indenture experience. These forms of cultural fusion are
part of the making of the global world, where things from different places get
mixed, lose their original characteristics and become something entirely new.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Indian
descendents<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> There are
large communities of people of Indian descent in these Caribbean Islands.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Nobel
Prize-winning writer V.S. Naipaul, West Indies cricketers Shivnarine
Chanderpaul and Ramnaresh Sarwan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Note:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> From the 1900s India’s nationalist leaders began
opposing the system of indentured labour migration as abusive and cruel. It was
abolished in 1921.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Indian
Entrepreneurs Abroad<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Shikaripuri
shroffs and Nattukottai Chettiars were Indian bankers who financed export
agriculture in Central and Southeast Asia, they had a sophisticated system to
transfer money over large distances,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Indian
traders and moneylenders also followed European colonizers into Africa.
Hyderabadi Sindhi traders, however, ventured beyond European colonies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Indian
Trade, Colonialism and the Global System<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Historically,
fine cottons produced in India were exported to Europe. In seventeenth century
Surat had the largest trade volume which </span><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-BoldItalic; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">linked
India to the world at the end of the seventeenth century..Second position was
of Cantoon ( China )</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> With
industrialial Revolution in England, British cotton manufacture began to
expand, and industrialists pressurised the government to restrict cotton
imports and protect local industries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Result:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Tariffs
were imposed on cloth imports into Britain. Consequently, the inflow of fine
Indian cotton began to decline.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Share
of cotton textiles declined from some 30 per cent around 1800 to 15 per cent by
1815.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Between
1812 and 1871, the share of raw cotton exports rose from 5 per cent to 35 per
cent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Other
exports from India:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 1. Indigo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 2. Opium
( from 1820s it became largest export item to china )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 3.
Foodgrains<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Trade
surplus<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
value of British exports to India was much higher than the value of British
imports from India. Thus Britain had a ‘trade surplus’ with India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Britain
used this surplus to balance its trade deficits with other countries – that is,
with countries from which Britain was importing more than it was selling to.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Britain’s
trade surplus in India also helped pay the so-called ‘home charges’ example
pensions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> of
British officials in India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
Inter-war Economy<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
First World War (1914-18) was mainly fought in Europe. The war began in August
1914.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Two
power blocs:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Allies
– Britain, France and Russia (later joined by the US)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Central
Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDrSwCYB0AKmqtEoiFzOqcitDKFGvedpCUx8uenIypPxM55-MSX75mbXvmAN0ATpD9iH0Hph2q3JcLvAt9tcrcvY1OcbKKLBrDlpdeeGb-Wxz-qRiPCtOu5HjAV9yjBz_GSSnyDvOHWOZ0/s1600/first+worl+war.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDrSwCYB0AKmqtEoiFzOqcitDKFGvedpCUx8uenIypPxM55-MSX75mbXvmAN0ATpD9iH0Hph2q3JcLvAt9tcrcvY1OcbKKLBrDlpdeeGb-Wxz-qRiPCtOu5HjAV9yjBz_GSSnyDvOHWOZ0/s400/first+worl+war.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> This
war was the first modern industrial war. It saw the use of machine guns, tanks,
aircraft, chemical weapons, etc. on a massive scale.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
scale of death and destruction was 9 million dead and 20 million injured.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Most
of the killed and maimed were men of working age. These deaths and injuries
reduced the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> able-bodied
workforce in Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> During
the war, industries were restructured to produce war-related goods, as men went
to battle,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> women
stepped in to undertake jobs that earlier only men were expected to do.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Britain
borrowed large sums of money from US banks as well as the US public. Thus the
war<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> transformed
the US from being an international debtor to an international creditor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Post-war Recovery<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Post-war
economic recovery proved difficult.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> When
Britain was preoccupied with war, industries had developed in India and Japan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> After
the war Britain found it difficult to recapture its earlier position of
dominance in the Indian market, and to compete with Japan internationally.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> At
the end of the war Britain was burdened with huge external debts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
war had led to an economic boom, that is, to a large increase in demand,
production and employment. When the war boom ended, production contracted and
unemployment increased.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Agricultural
crisis at global level<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Example<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Before
the war, eastern Europe was a major supplier of wheat in the world market.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> This
supply was disrupted during the war<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Wheat
production in Canada, America and Australia expanded dramatically.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Once
the war was over, production in eastern Europe revived.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Result<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Glut
in wheat market<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Grain
prices fell, rural incomes declined, and farmers fell deeper into debt.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Rise of Mass Production and Consumption<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> One
important feature of the US economy of the 1920s was mass production.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> A
well-known pioneer of mass production was the car manufacturer Henry Ford.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> He
adapted the assembly line of a Chicago slaughterhouse (in which slaughtered
animals were picked apart by butchers as they came down a conveyor belt) to his
new car plant in Detroit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
assembly line forced workers to repeat a single task mechanically and
continuously. Standing in front of a conveyor belt no worker could afford to
delay the motions, take a break, or even have a friendly word with a workmate.
So workers at the Ford factory quit in large numbers. In desperation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Ford
doubled the daily wage to $5 in January 1914 and banned trade unions from
operating in his plants.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
T Model Ford was the world’s first mass-produced car. Car production in the US
rose from 2 million in 1919 to more than 5 million in 1929.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgigAGEy67mmJHXNhLdzRM0svez-aOoduNWpswVQBZz9sSplQMwoUKan2tMwbAYq4aA2kt0cJu7YPhjFFBYFLdj0ZSYOjJjXHC8FQaCrtFL0bo8ZwTDc0ZXure4KBX0n4pIWxEbKP4f759f/s1600/ford-model-t-1306233807-593.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgigAGEy67mmJHXNhLdzRM0svez-aOoduNWpswVQBZz9sSplQMwoUKan2tMwbAYq4aA2kt0cJu7YPhjFFBYFLdj0ZSYOjJjXHC8FQaCrtFL0bo8ZwTDc0ZXure4KBX0n4pIWxEbKP4f759f/s400/ford-model-t-1306233807-593.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Fordist
industrial practices soon spread in the US.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Mass
production lowered costs and prices of engineered goods. Thanks to higher
wages, more workers could now afford to purchase durable consumer goods such as
cars. Consumer boom of the 1920s created the basis of prosperity in the US.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The Great Depression<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
Great Depression began around 1929 and lasted till the mid- 1930s. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Great
Depression catastrophic declines in production, employment, incomes and trade.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Agricultural
regions and communities were the worst affected because the fall in
agricultural prices was greater and more prolonged than that in the prices of
industrial goods.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Reasons
for depression<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> First:
agricultural overproduction resulting in fall of prices, as prices slumped and
agricultural incomes declined, farmers tried to expand production and bring a
larger volume of produce to the market to maintain their overall income. This
worsened the glut in the market.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Second:
Countries that depended crucially on US loans now faced an acute crisis. US
overseas lenders<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> withdrew
the loan from countries as they were panicked with the situation. In Europe it
led to the failure of some major banks and the collapse of currencies such as
the British pound sterling.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Third:
The US attempt to protect its economy in the depression by doubling import
duties also dealt<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> another
severe blow to world trade.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> US
and Great depression<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> With
the fall in prices and the prospect of a depression, US banks had also slashed
domestic lending and called back loans. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Farms
could not sell their harvests.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> US
citizens could not repay what they had borrowed, and were forced to give up
their homes, cars and other consumer durables. The consumerist prosperity of
the 1920s now disappeared <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Unemployment soared<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Ultimately,
the US banking system itself collapsed. Unable to recover investments, collect
loans and repay depositors, thousands of banks went bankrupt and were forced to
close. The numbers are phenomenal: by 1933 over 4,000 banks had closed and
between 1929 and 1932 about 110, 000 companies had collapsed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> India and the Great Depression<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> In
the nineteenth century, colonial India was an exporter of agricultural goods
and importer of manufactures.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> India’s
exports and imports nearly halved between 1928 and 1934.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Between
1928 and 1934, wheat prices in India fell by 50 per cent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
price of raw jute crashed more than 60 per cent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Across
India, peasants’ indebtedness increased. They used up their savings, mortgaged
lands, and sold whatever jewellery and precious metals they had to meet their
expenses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Mahatma
Gandhi launched the civil disobedience movement at the height of the depression
in 1931.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
depression proved less grim for urban India. Because of falling prices, those
with fixed incomes – say town-dwelling landowners who received rents and
middle-class salaried employees – now found themselves better off.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Rebuilding
a World Economy: The Post-war Era<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> <b>Two
groups:<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Axis
powers: mainly Nazi Germany, Japan and Italy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Allies:
Britain, France, the Soviet Union and the US.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> At
least 60 million people, or about 3 per cent of the world’s 1939 population,
are believed to have been killed, directly or indirectly, as a result of the
war.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
war caused an immense amount of economic devastation and social disruption.
Reconstruction promised to be long and difficult.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Two
key lessons<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> <b>First:
</b>an industrial society based on mass production cannot be sustained without
mass consumption.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> To
ensure mass consumption, there was a need for high and stable incomes. stable
incomes can be achieved by full employment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> <b>Second:</b>
The goal of full employment could only be achieved if governments had power to
control flows of goods, capital and labour.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Bretton
Woods twins<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
main aim of the post-war international economic system was to preserve economic
stability and full employment in the industrial world.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Its
framework was agreed upon at the United Nations Monetary and Financial
Conference held in July 1944 at Bretton Woods in New Hampshire, USA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
Bretton Woods conference established<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 1.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 2.
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (popularly known as
the World Bank)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
IMF and the World Bank commenced financial operations in 1947. Decision-making
in these institutions is controlled by the Western industrial powers. The US
has an effective right of veto over key IMF and World Bank decisions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
Bretton Woods system was based on fixed exchange rates. In this system,
national currencies, for example the Indian rupee, were pegged to the dollar at
a fixed exchange rate. The dollar itself was anchored to gold at a fixed price
of $35 per ounce of gold.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The Early Post-war Years<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
Bretton Woods system inaugurated an era of unprecedented growth of trade and
incomes for the Western industrial nations and Japan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Decolonisation and Independence<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> After the Second World War in the next two decades
most colonies in Asia and Africa emerged as free, independent nations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> They
were, however, overburdened by poverty and a lack of resources.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
IMF and the World Bank were designed to meet the financial needs of the
industrial countries. They were not equipped to cope with the challenge of
poverty and lack of development in the former colonies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> From
the late 1950s the Bretton Woods institutions began to shift their attention
more towards developing countries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Newly
independent countries came under the guidance of international agencies such as
IMF and World Bank dominated by the former colonial powers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Result<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The
former colonial powers still controlled vital resources such as minerals and
land in many of their former colonies through MNCs very cheaply.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Therefore
they organised themselves as a group – the Group of 77 (or G-77) – to demand a
new international economic order (NIEO).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> By
the NIEO they meant a system that would give them real control over their
natural resources, more development assistance, fairer prices for raw materials,
and better access for their manufactured goods in developed countries’ markets.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> End of Bretton Woods
and the Beginning of ‘Globalisation’<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> From
the 1960s the rising costs of its overseas involvements weakened the US’s
finances and competitive strength. The US dollar now no longer commanded
confidence as the world’s principal currency.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> It
could not maintain its value in relation to gold. This eventually led to the
collapse of the system of </span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">fixed exchange rates </span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">and the introduction of a system of </span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">floating exchange rates</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Floating
exchange rate depend on supply of currencies in foreign exchange market.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The industrial world was
hit by unemployment that began rising from the mid-1970s and remained
high until the early 1990s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> From
the late 1970s MNCs also began to shift production operations to low-wage Asian
countries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> China
had been cut off from the post-war world economy since its revolution in 1949.
But new economic policies in China and the collapse of the Soviet Union and
Soviet-style communism in<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Eastern
Europe brought many countries back into the fold of the world economy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> In
the last two decades the world’s economic geography has been transformed as
countries such as India, China and Brazil have undergone rapid economic
transformation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-68327305584660395382016-04-29T03:34:00.002-07:002016-04-29T03:34:37.666-07:00Print culture<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Print Revolution</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> In this chapter we will look at the
development of print from east Asia to Europe and in India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> How social lives and cultures
changed with the coming of print.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> The First Printed Books</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The earliest kind of print technology was developed in China,
Japan and Korea. System of hand printing by wood block (594 A.D)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgicxBhVN771_g02ZXv71ik-fy4EZT0M1WRne0ggMJxb3nUqFZ1Mqd0bhaOyNyk0IUD0tv70E2D7MPvur5rDBLS7ksiFtm7gjCENl2PZCf0UL44cdwAnJdBTIM1XVxtU5LhrHgcS_WOSVpK/s1600/woodblock.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgicxBhVN771_g02ZXv71ik-fy4EZT0M1WRne0ggMJxb3nUqFZ1Mqd0bhaOyNyk0IUD0tv70E2D7MPvur5rDBLS7ksiFtm7gjCENl2PZCf0UL44cdwAnJdBTIM1XVxtU5LhrHgcS_WOSVpK/s320/woodblock.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b>Woodblock</b></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -36pt;">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -36pt;">As both sides of the thin, porous sheet could not be printed,
the traditional Chinese <b>‘accordion book’</b> was folded and stitched at the
side</span><span style="font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -36pt;"> because both sides of the thin, porous sheet could not be
printed.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhml5MrYt4nhSCkBzNPyCfan9Uc8g1ce1Qn_GpMOSYpVK9WwwiJ0Q2cLojkPDyHjx9iZdLm27R0eGf0xfeU3fncp6179QMX-_UZRSyjDpIDGDAjF0BcyfUe4mSwSuW6KeE1WZP5VNkr0-eR/s1600/accordian+book.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhml5MrYt4nhSCkBzNPyCfan9Uc8g1ce1Qn_GpMOSYpVK9WwwiJ0Q2cLojkPDyHjx9iZdLm27R0eGf0xfeU3fncp6179QMX-_UZRSyjDpIDGDAjF0BcyfUe4mSwSuW6KeE1WZP5VNkr0-eR/s320/accordian+book.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Accordian Book</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The imperial state in China was, for a very long time, the major
producer of printed material.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Reason</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> China possessed a huge bureaucratic
system which recruited its personnel through civil service examinations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Print in Japan</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand-printing
technology into Japan around AD 768-770.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The <b>oldest Japanese book,</b> printed in AD 868, is the
Buddhist <b>Diamond Sutra.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiReUUmfpjyL31EsKi2StPuDr0y0Y5UxKEQfO5lko-mltj7B0RspMZlQxGDcTMd8ANcVkz4qP70vAuftn2oxz5unoE8ngBBhnE4bZYeL8HlES3d9-uxhhpIRulquVoTBx9cAvrFeuTjvx74/s1600/Diamond-Sutra.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiReUUmfpjyL31EsKi2StPuDr0y0Y5UxKEQfO5lko-mltj7B0RspMZlQxGDcTMd8ANcVkz4qP70vAuftn2oxz5unoE8ngBBhnE4bZYeL8HlES3d9-uxhhpIRulquVoTBx9cAvrFeuTjvx74/s320/Diamond-Sutra.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Diamond Sutra</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kitagawa Utamaro</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, born in <b>Edo</b> (Tokyo) in 1753,
was widely known for his contributions to an art form called ukiyo A skilled woodblock carver pasted the drawing on
a woodblock and carved a printing
block to reproduce the painter’s lines. In the process, the original
drawing would be destroyed and only prints would survive.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Print
Comes to Europe</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In the eleventh century, Chinese paper reached Europe via the
Silk route. Paper invented in China by Cai Lun in 105 A.D<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In1295, <b>Marco Polo,</b> returned to Italy after many years of
exploration in China.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK8qTq9IN96H0qO_lXiyTHtdJsQvOms6S0rVU8NTQj5u4lAzlOab3Lt9tvjYYSkYHGwxgzY8gEakhyZhKdLQVkPPVF72XHNmf4bTFDp5FArcahOMklia1zzVTXe0KtuD-t4uAp4ioZlH-t/s1600/marco.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK8qTq9IN96H0qO_lXiyTHtdJsQvOms6S0rVU8NTQj5u4lAzlOab3Lt9tvjYYSkYHGwxgzY8gEakhyZhKdLQVkPPVF72XHNmf4bTFDp5FArcahOMklia1zzVTXe0KtuD-t4uAp4ioZlH-t/s320/marco.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Marco Polo brought Wood Book printing knowledge back with him.
He remained in the court of Kublai Khan for a long time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now Italians began producing books with woodblocks, and soon the
technology spread to other parts of Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Luxury editions were still hand written on very expensive <b>vellum</b>,
(A sheet made from the skin of animal )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghp9PwbIKfetFuisiDZDiptMCF7en83vUjYUq7cFkVOhZeXodyFAQm4XV0UhcwenBGvZLvTD-HEbSTqYdfcMR2soZ1gaozJfGTIbPAcDy3CAuRoABAPbtOBKZF-3N9_lS_4ipY0uxAh4Pe/s1600/vellum+book.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghp9PwbIKfetFuisiDZDiptMCF7en83vUjYUq7cFkVOhZeXodyFAQm4XV0UhcwenBGvZLvTD-HEbSTqYdfcMR2soZ1gaozJfGTIbPAcDy3CAuRoABAPbtOBKZF-3N9_lS_4ipY0uxAh4Pe/s320/vellum+book.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Vellum book</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But the production of handwritten manuscripts could not satisfy
the ever-increasing demand for books.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Reasons</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Copying was an expensive, laborious and time-consuming business.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle, and could not be
carried around or read easily.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Their circulation therefore remained limited.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">With the growing demand for books, woodblock printing gradually
became more and more popular.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Gutenberg and printing Press</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">At Strasbourg, Germany, <b>Johann Gutenberg</b> developed the
first-known printing press in the1430s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">By1448,Gutenberg perfected the system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6CLs1VnGNMHuQxYfJKW4hDjL6fanAUEDzxJJY05y4eUZcg4kgsIPKDNBw35-wouT_614Bxp2_M6zJcdn4NvVFEKbm4A4kbgVKK7JEsPJyYfDuGH22KEiDFPP5opUSvwN7AdNmPOdEDp-d/s1600/gutenbergpress.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6CLs1VnGNMHuQxYfJKW4hDjL6fanAUEDzxJJY05y4eUZcg4kgsIPKDNBw35-wouT_614Bxp2_M6zJcdn4NvVFEKbm4A4kbgVKK7JEsPJyYfDuGH22KEiDFPP5opUSvwN7AdNmPOdEDp-d/s320/gutenbergpress.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: -48px;">Johann Gutenberg</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The first book he printed was the <b>Bible.</b> About 180
copies were printed and it took three years to produce them. By the standards
of the time this was fast,of which no more than 50 have survived.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In the hundred years between 1450 and1550, printing presses were
setup in most countries of Europe by Germans<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The second half of the fifteenth century saw 20 million copies
of printed books flooding the markets in Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The number went up in the sixteenth century to about 200 million
copies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This shift from hand printing to mechanical printing led to the <b>print
revolution.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Print Revolution and Its Impact</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Printing reduced the cost of books.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Less time and labour required to produce each book.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Multiple copies could be produced with greater ease<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Earlier, reading was restricted to the elites. Common people lived
in a world of oral culture.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Printers began publishing popular ballads, folk tales, and such
books would be profusely illustrated with pictures. These were then sung and
recited at gatherings in villages and in <b>taverns </b>in towns.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Religious Debates and the Fear of
Print</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Not everyone welcomed the printed book, According to Catholic
church if there was no control over what was printed and read then rebellious
and irreligious thoughts might spread.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If that happened the authority of ‘valuable’ literature would be
destroyed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Example</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In 1517,the religious reformer <b>Martin Luther</b> wrote <b>Ninety
Five Theses</b> criticizing many of the practices and rituals of the Roman
Catholic Church.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A printed copy of this was posted on a church door in
Wittenberg. It challenged the Church to debate his ideas. Luther’s writings
were immediately reproduced in vast numbers and read widely.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This lead to a division within the Church and to the beginning
of the <b>Protestant Reformation</b>. (A sixteenth-century movement to
reform the Catholic Church dominated by Rome. Martin Luther was one of the main
Protestant reformers)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Deeply grateful to print, Luther
said, ‘Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one.’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Print and Dissent (Difference in
ideas)</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In the sixteenth century, Manocchio, a miller in Italy, began to
read books that were available in his locality.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">He reinterpreted the message of the Bible and formulated a view
of God and Creation that enraged the Church<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When the Roman Church began its <b>inquisition (</b>A
former Roman Catholic court for identifying and punishing heretics)<b> </b>to
repress <b>heretical</b> (Beliefs which do not follow the accepted
teachings of the Church)<b> </b>ideas, Manocchio was hauled up twice and
ultimately executed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Roman Church, imposed severe controls over publishers and
booksellers and began to maintain an Index of Prohibited Books from 1558.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Fear of the book</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Erasmus, a Latin scholar and a
Catholic reformer, who criticised the excesses of Catholicism but kept his
distance from Luther, expressed a deep anxiety about printing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> The Reading Mania</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As literacy and schools spread in European countries, there was
a virtual reading mania.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">New forms of popular literature appeared in print, targeting new
audiences.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Booksellers employed pedlars who
roamed around villages, carrying little books for sale.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There were <b>almanacs </b>or ritual calendars, along
with ballads and folktales.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In England, penny <b>chapbooks </b>were carried by
petty pedlars known as chapmen, and sold for a penny<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In France, were the ‘<b>Biliotheque Bleue’,</b> which were
low-priced small books printed on poor quality paper,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Similarly, the ideas of scientists and philosophers now became
more accessible to the common people<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Isaac Newton began to publish their discoveries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Writings of thinkers such as Thomas Paine, Voltaire and Jean
Jacques Rousseau were also widely printed and read.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ‘Tremble, therefore, tyrants of the
world!’</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Louise-Sebastien Mercier, a novelist
in eighteenth - century France, declared: ‘The printing press is the most
powerful engine of progress and public opinion is the force that will sweep
despotism away.’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Convinced of the power of print in
bringing enlightenment and destroying the basis of despotism, Mercier
proclaimed: ‘Tremble, therefore, tyrants of the world! Tremble before the
virtual writer!’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Print Culture and the French
Revolution (1789)</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Many historians have argued that
print culture created the conditions within which French Revolution occurred.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> First</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: print popularised
the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers. The writings of Voltaire and Rousseau
were read widely; and those who read these books saw the world through new
eyes, eyes that were questioning, critical and rational.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Second:</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> print created
a new culture of dialogue and debate. All values, norms and institutions were
re-evaluated and discussed by a public that had become aware of the power of
reason, and recognised the need to question existing ideas and beliefs. Within
this public culture, new ideas of social revolution came into being.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Third:</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> by the1780s
there was an outpouring of literature that mocked the royalty and criticised
their morality. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Children, Women and Workers</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> As primary education became
compulsory from the late nineteenth century, children became an important
category of readers. Production of school textbooks became critical for the
publishing industry. A children’s press, devoted to literature for children alone,
was set up in France in 1857. This press published new works as well as old
fairy tales and folktales. The Grimm Brothers in Germany spent years to collect
folklores.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Women became important as readers as
well as writers. Penny magazines were especially meant for women, as were
manuals teaching proper behavior and housekeeping. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Known novelists were women: Jane
Austen, the Bronte sisters, George Eliot.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Lending libraries had been in
existence from the seventeenth century onwards. In the nineteenth century,
lending libraries in England became instruments for educating white-collar
workers, artisans and lower-middle-class people. Sometimes, self-educated
working class people wrote for themselves. After the working day was gradually
shortened from the mid-nineteenth century, workers had some time for
self-improvement and self-expression.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold;"> India and the World of Print<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> India
had a very rich and old tradition of handwritten manuscripts – in Sanskrit,
Arabic, Persian, as well as in various vernacular languages.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-Bold;"> Example
– Gita Govinda </span></b><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-BoldItalic;">of</span></b><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-Bold;"> </span></b><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-BoldItalic;">Jayadeva,</span></b><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-Bold;"> </span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-BoldItalic;">eighteenth century<b> </b></span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-MediumItalic;">is a palm-leaf</span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-Bold;"> </span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-MediumItalic;">handwritten</span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-Bold;"> </span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-MediumItalic;">manuscript in</span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-Bold;"> </span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-MediumItalic;">accordion format.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold;"> Print Comes to India<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">The
printing press first came to <b>Goa</b> with Portuguese missionaries in the
mid-sixteenth century.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">First
printed books were in Konkani in the mid-sixteenth century.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">Catholic
priests printed the first Tamil book in 1579 at Cochin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">In
1713 the first Malayalam book was printed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">By
1710, Dutch Protestant missionaries had printed 32 Tamil texts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">From
1780, <b>James Augustus Hickey</b> began to edit the </span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;">Bengal Gazette</span></b><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">,</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> a weekly
magazine. He published a lot of gossip about the Company’s senior officials in
India. Enraged by this, Governor-General <b>Warren Hastings</b> persecuted
Hickey.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">The
first Indian newspaper was the weekly </span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;">Bengal Gazette</span></b><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">,</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> brought out by <b>Gangadhar Bhattacharya,</b> who was
close to <b>Rammohun Roy.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #008046; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold;">Print-
Religious Reform and Public Debates<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> From
the early nineteenth century, social and religious reformers wrote and
published about matters like widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical
priesthood and idolatry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> <b>Example:<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">Rammohun
Roy published the </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;">Sambad Kaumudi </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">from 1821. Hindu orthodoxy commissioned the </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;">Samachar Chandrika </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">to oppose his opinions. New ideas emerged through these
clashes of opinions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">The
Deoband Seminary, founded in 1867, published thousands of </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-KursivHalbfett;">fatwas </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">telling Muslim readers how to conduct themselves in their
everyday lives, and explaining the meanings of Islamic doctrines.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold;"> Women and Print<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold;">Women reading
discouraged by conservatives.</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> Hindus
believed that a literate girl would be widowed and Muslims feared that educated
women would be corrupted by reading Urdu romances.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">However,
in early nineteenth century in East Bengal, women like <b>Rashsundari Debi</b>,
a young married girl in a very orthodox household, learnt to read in the
secrecy of her kitchen. Later, she wrote her autobiography </span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;">Amar Jiban</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;"> </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">which was published in 1876.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> From
the 1860s, a few Bengali women like <b>Kailashbashini Debi</b> wrote books highlighting
the experiences of women – about how women were imprisoned at home, kept in
ignorance, forced to do hard domestic labour and treated unjustly by the very
people they served.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> In
the 1880s, in present-day Maharashtra, <b>Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai</b>
wrote with passionate anger about the miserable lives of upper-caste Hindu
women, especially widows.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"> In
1926, <b>Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossein,</b> a noted educationist and literary
figure, strongly condemned men for withholding education from women in the name
of religion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">In the early twentieth century in Punjab,<b> Ram
Chaddha </b>published the fast-selling<b> </b></span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;">Istri Dharm Vichar</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;"> </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">to teach women how to be obedient
wives. The Khalsa Tract Society published cheap booklets with a similar
message.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold;"> Print and the Poor People<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> From
the late nineteenth century, issues of caste discrimination began to be written
about in many printed tracts and essays.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">Jyotiba
Phule,</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> the Maratha pioneer of ‘low
caste’ protest movements, wrote about the injustices of the caste system in his
</span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;">Gulamgiri </span></b><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">(1871).</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">In
the twentieth century, <b>B.R. Ambedkar</b> in Maharashtra and <b>E.V.
Ramaswamy</b> <b>Naicker</b> in Madras, better known as <b>Periyar,</b> wrote
powerfully on caste discrimination.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">Kashibaba,</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> a Kanpur millworker, wrote and published </span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;">Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;"> </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">in
1938 to show the links between caste and class exploitation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">The
poems of another Kanpur millworker, who wrote under the name of <b>Sudarshan
Chakr</b> between 1935 and 1955, were brought together and published in a
collection called </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;">Sacchi Kavitayan</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold;"> Print
and Censorship<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> Before
1798, the colonial state under the East India Company was not too concerned
with censorship.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> By
the 1820s, the Calcutta Supreme Court passed certain regulations to control
press freedom.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> In
1835, faced with urgent petitions by editors of English and vernacular
newspapers, <b>Governor-General Bentinck</b> agreed to revise press laws. <b>Thomas
Macaulay, </b>a liberal colonial official, formulated new rules that restored
the earlier freedoms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> After
the revolt of 1857, enraged Englishmen demanded a clamp down on then ‘native’
press, as vernacular newspapers became assertively nationalist.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> Vernacular
Press Act:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> In
1878, the Vernacular Press Act was passed, modelled on the <b>Irish Press Laws.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> It
provided the government with extensive rights to censor reports and editorials
in the vernacular press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> If
news was found as seditious, the newspaper was warned, and if the warning was
ignored, the press was liable to be seized and the printing machinery
confiscated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> Despite
repressive measures, nationalist newspapers grew in numbers in all parts of
India. They reported on colonial misrule and encouraged nationalist activities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> When
Punjab revolutionaries were deported in 1907, <b>Balgangadhar Tilak</b> wrote
with great sympathy </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">about them in his </span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;">Kesari</span></b><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">.</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> This led to his imprisonment in 1908, provoking in
turn widespread protests all over India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Note<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> →</span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-MediumItalic;">Hafiz</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-MediumItalic;"> was a fourteenth-century poet whose collected works are known
as </span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers;">Diwan</span></b><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-MediumItalic;">.</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-MediumItalic;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">From
1822, two Persian newspapers were published, </span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;">Jam-i-Jahan Nama </span></b><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">and
</span></b><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;">Shamsul Akhbar</span></b><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">.</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> In the
same year, a Gujarati newspaper, the </span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;">Bombay Samachar</span></b><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">,</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> made its appearance. Newspapers conveyed news from one
place to another, creating pan-Indian identities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">The
first printed edition of the </span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;">Ramcharitmanas </span></b><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">of
Tulsidas,</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> a sixteenth-century text, came
out from Calcutta in 1810.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">Naval
Kishore Press</span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> at Lucknow and the <b>Shri
Venkateshwar Press</b> in Bombay published numerous religious texts in
vernaculars.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">→</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">By
the end of the nineteenth century, a new visual culture was taking shape due to
print. Visual images could be easily reproduced in multiple copies. Painters
like <b>Raja Ravi Varma </b>produced images for mass circulation.</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-MediumItalic;"> Raja Ravi Varma produced innumerable
mythological paintings that were printed at the Ravi Varma Press.</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold;">New words<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> <b>Ulama</b>
– Legal scholars of Islam and the sharia ( a body of Islamic law)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> <b>Fatwa</b>
– A legal pronouncement on Islamic law usually given by a mufti (legal scholar)
to clarify issues on which the law is uncertain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> <b>Censorship</b>
– A process of removing things, information from publishing by authority,
government etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> Ballad
– </span></b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">a poem or song
narrating a story in short stanzas. Traditional ballads are typically of
unknown authorship, having been passed on orally from one generation to the
next.</span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Taverns - </span></b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">Places
where people gathered to drink alcohol, to be served food, and to meet friends
and exchange news<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"> <b>Persecute - </b></span><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">harass or annoy (someone) persistently.</span><b><span style="color: teal; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Tyrant
- </span></b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">a cruel and
oppressive ruler.</span><b><span style="color: teal; font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-1367747999047902402015-11-16T00:13:00.000-08:002015-11-19T00:47:02.524-08:00NATIONAL TALENT SEARCH EXAMINATION (FIRST LEVEL Rajasthan) 2016 SCHOLASTIC APTITUDE TEST (SAT) (SOCIAL STUDY)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">56.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Tithe is<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
religious tax (2) implied
tax (3) taille tax (4) feudal tax<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Tithe is religious tax which was one-tenth
part of agricutlure income.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">57.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Who was Rasputin?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
King (2) Monk (3) Revolutionary (4) Rrime Minister<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Rasputin was Monk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">58.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The railway line which was to be
constructed between Multan and Sukkur was<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
North Valley Railway (2)
Indus Valley Railway<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Southern Valley Railway (4)
West Valley Railway<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Indus Valley Railway constructed between
Multan and Sukkur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">59.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Who adopted the ‘Scorched Earth Policy’?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Portuguese (2) French (3) Dutch (4) German<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> ‘Scorched Earth Policy’ was adopted by Dutch
in Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">60.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Raikas belong to the state of<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Rajasthan (2) Bihar (3) Uttar Pradesh (4) Karnataka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Raikas are the pastoralist of Rajasthan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">61.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Young Italy, a secret society was formed by<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Metternich (2) Giuseppe
Mazzini (3) Bismarck (4) Hitler<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Young Italy, a secret society was formed by
Giuseppe Mazzini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">62.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The thinker Confucius belonged to the
country<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
England (2) America (3) China (4) Japan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The thinker Confucius belonged to the country
China<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">63.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Jallianwala Bag incident took place on<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
10th April, 1919 (2) 13th April,
1919 </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) 14th April, 1919 (4) 18th April, 1919<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Jallianwala Bag incident took place on 13th
April, 1919<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">64.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Dandi is located in<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Gujarat (2)
Rajasthan (3)
Maharashtra (4) Punjab<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Dandi is located in Gujarat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">65.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The Great Depression began in<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
1927 AD (2) 1929 AD (3) 1930 AD (4) 1931 AD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The Great Depression began in 1929 AD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">66.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which island was known as Amindiv whose name
was changed in 1973?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Lakshadweep (2) Maldives </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) New Moore island (4) Car - Nicobar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Amindiv was the name of Lakshadweep.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">67.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Match List - I with List - II correctly and
choose the correct code from the following :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> List
- I List
- II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (A)
Kaveri (i)
Nasik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (B)
Godavari (ii)
Betul<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (C)
Tapi (iii)
Brahmagiri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (D)
Krishna (iv)
Mahabaleshwar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Code
:</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A B C D<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) i ii iii iv<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 1pt 0cm 0.0001pt 28.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) iii i ii iv<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) ii iii i iv<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) iv iii ii i<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Rivers Origin point</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Kaveri Brahmagiri
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Godavari Nasik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 1pt 0cm 0.0001pt 28.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Tapi Betul<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Krishna Mahabaleshwar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 1pt 0cm 0.0001pt 28.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.1pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">68.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Stalagmite and
Stalactite caves are located in<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Mawsynram (2)
Cherrapunji <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Shimla (4)
Jammu and Kashmir<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol Stalagmite
and Stalactite caves are located in Mawsynram</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">69.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which state(s) has/have the highest reserved
forest ratio?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Kerala (2) West
Bengal </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Jammu and
Kashmir (4) Maharashtra<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Choose
the correct answer from the codes given below <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Only (2) (2) (1) and
(4) </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) (1) and (3) (4) all of these<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">70.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> With refrence to water availability per
person per year India’s rank in the world is<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
131st (2) 133rd (3) 137th (4) 157th.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 1pt 0cm 0.0001pt 28.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 1pt 0cm 0.0001pt 28.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.1pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">71.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Roof water harvesting system is a compulsory
structure in which state?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Bihar (2)
Meghalaya </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Tamil Nadu (4) Karnataka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Roof water harvesting system is a compulsory
in Tamil Nadu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">72.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Match List - I with List - II correctly and
choose the correct code from the following :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> List
- I List
- II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Waler (i)
Jharkhand<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Dahiya (ii)
Himalayan region<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Khil (iii)
Madhya Pradesh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
Kuruwa (iv)
S.E. Rajasthan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Code
:</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A B C D<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) i ii iii iv<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) iv iii i ii<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) ii i iii iv<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) iv iii ii i<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">73.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Rubber is related to which type of
vegetation?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Tundra (2)
Tropical rain forest <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Mountain forest (4)
Tropical deciduous forest<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Rubber is tropical vegetation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">74.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Koderma mines located in Jharkhand is rich
in which minerals?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Bauxite (2) Mica (3) Iron ore (4) Copper<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Koderma mines located in Jharkhand is rich in
Mica.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">75.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which of the following states is not
connected with Hajira-Vijaypur-Jagdishpur pipeline?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Madhya Pradesh (2) Maharashtra </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Gujarat (4) Uttar Pradesh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Maharashtra is not connected with H V J
pipeline.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">76.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which among the following is not correctly
matched?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Popular unity — Salvador Alende<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Solidarnosc or solidarity — Lech Pinochet<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
National League for Democracy — Augusto Pinochet<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
Bath party — Saddam Hussein<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> National League for Democracy belongs to Aung
Sang Suu Chi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">77.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Identify the correct order regarding the
granting of universal adult franchise :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Argentina, India, Malaysia, Greece (2)
Malaysia, Greece, India, Argentina<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
India, Argentina, Greece, Malaysia (4)
Greece, Malaysia, India, Argentina<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> India-1950, Argentina-1951, Greece-1952,
Malaysia-1955.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">78. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Find
out the wrong explanation of functioning of United Nations :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 45.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Who
lends money to governments when they need it ? International Monetary Fund
(I.M.F.) does so.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 45.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) What
happens when a country attacks another country in an unjust manner ? The U.N.
Security Council, an organ of U.N. is responsible for maintaining peace and
security among countries<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 45.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) The
weightage of vote of every member of International Monetary Fund is equal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 45.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) Each
permanent member of Security Council has veto power.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The
weightage of vote of every member of International Monetary Fund is not equal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">79. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Find
out the correct explanation :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 45.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Referendum
– Only used for a specific government policy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 45.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) Coup
– A coup is legal system, in which system the government hands over all rights
and powers to the military.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 45.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Martial law – A system of rules, that takes
effect when a military auuthority takes control of the normal administration of
justice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 45.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) Communist
State – In communist state all political parties have complete liberty to
compete for power.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Martial
law – A system of rules, that takes effect when a military auuthority takes
control of the normal administration of justice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">80. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Pay
attention on the following points :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (A) A
democratic government is a better government because it is a more accountable form
of government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (B) Democracy
improves the quality of decision making.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (C) Democracy
provides a method to deal with the differences and conflicts. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (D) Democracy
enhances the dignity of citizens.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which are the factors involved in
comprising Indian democracy ? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) A and B (2) A and C (3)
A, B and C (4) A, B, C and
D<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">All
are correct<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">81. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Which
among the following statements is a moral reason regarding the desirability of
power sharing ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 45.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Power
sharing is good because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between
social groups<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 45.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) Social
conflict often leads to violence and political instability. Hence power sharing
is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 45.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Tyranny
of the majority is not just oppressive for the minority, it often brings ruin
to the majority as well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 45.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) A
democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise and
who have to live with its effects.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">A
democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise and
who have to live with its effects. This is moral reason.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">82. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Let
us look at some of the key features of federalism :<b> </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (A) There
are two or more levels (or tiers) of government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (B) Different
tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own
jurisdiction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (C) The
existence and authority of each tier of government is constitutionally
guaranteed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (D) All
states in the Indian Union have identical powers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which facts are correct regarding
Indian Federalism:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) B and C (2) A and D (3)
A, B and C (4) A, B, C and D<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">All
states in the Indian Union doesn’t have identical powers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Jammu Kashmir has separate
constitution under Article 370.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">83. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Find
the correct sequence of languages in the ascending order according the
proportion of speakers as described in 8th Schedule of the Constitution of
India :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Hindi,
Marathi, Telugu, Bangla (2) Hindi, Bangla, Telugu, Marathi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Hindi,
Telugu, Bangla, Marathi (4)
Hindi, Bangla, Marathi, Telugu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (Bonus)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Hindi-41.03%, Bangla-8.11%, Telugu-7.19%,
Marathi-6.99%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In option (2) these are given in
descending order whereas question requires ascending order.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">84. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Match the following and choose the correct answer from the </span><br />
<div style="text-indent: -37.7953px;">
<span style="text-indent: -49.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>List - I List-II</b></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -49.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (A) Power
is shared among different organs (i) Community Government <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> of government such as the
legislature, executive<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> and judiciary <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (B) Power
is shared among different social groups (ii) Horizontal distribution of power <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (C) The
fundamental provisions of the constitution (iii) In 1992<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> cannot be unilaterally changed
by one level of <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> government <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (D) The
constitutionalisation of 3rd tier of Indian (iv) Federalism <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> democratic system <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Code: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A B C D </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii) <b> </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Taken from Federalism. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">85. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Match the following and choose the correct answer from the
give</span><br />
<b style="text-indent: -1cm;"><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> List I List-II</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (A) Union
list (i) Computer software <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (B) State
list (ii) Banking <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (C) Concurrent
list (iii) Education <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (D) Residuary
powers (iv) Police <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Code: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A B C D </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Taken from Federalism. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">86.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which one of the following is an activity of
the tertiary sector? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Mining (2)
Tourism (3)
Dairy (4)
Agriculture<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Service Industry always come in tertiary
sector.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">87. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">In which state of India, is Amul Dairy situated? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Rajasthan (2) Bihar (3) Gujarat (4)
Karnataka <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Amul is co-operative which operates from
Anand, Gujarat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">88. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The ‘National Consumers’ Day’ is celebrated on <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
24th December (2) 24th November </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) 24th September (4)
24th October <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> 24th December is celebrated as the National
Consumer day as on this day the Indian parliament enacted Consumer Production
Right acts in India. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">89. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">National income of any country is divided by its total
population, we get <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
personal income (2) gross domestic
product <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
private income (4) per capita
income <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Per capita income = National income/total population.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">90. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Among the following which is the method to estimate the
poverty line? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Investment method (2) Income method (3) Capital method (4) All of these <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.
</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Income method (per capita income) is
used for analysing poverty line. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">96. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">‘Oriental Cricket Club’ the first Indian Cricket Club was
founded at <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Madras (2) Bombay (3) Kanpur (4) Calcutta <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> ‘Oriental Cricket Club’ the first Indian
Cricket Club was founded at Bombay by Parsis. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">97. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Which of the following is not associated with Coriolis force?
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Cyclones (2) Ocean
currents </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Prevailing winds (4) Jet streams <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. None
of the options are appropriate.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">98. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The local government structure goes right up to the
..................level. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Village (2) Ward (3) State (4) District <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> District level </span><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Block level </span><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
Village level </span><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Ward level. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">99. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">In which state of India maximum fair price shops are run by
the co-operatives? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Maharashtra (2) Delhi </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Tamil Nadu (4) Gujarat <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Out of all fair price shops running in Tamil
Nadu, around 94% are being run by the co-operatives. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">100. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Informal sources of credit do not include <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Moneylenders (2) Cooperatives
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Traders (4) Friends.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> All the others except co-operative </span></div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-50356163819765234712015-08-31T23:12:00.000-07:002015-08-31T23:12:08.115-07:00NTSE NOTICE 2015-16 STAGE 1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-75934769128794803292015-06-02T23:41:00.000-07:002015-11-19T00:51:53.623-08:00NTSE STAGE 2 PAPER 2015<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">61. Assertion (A) </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">:
During eighteenth century France witnessed the emergence of a middle class.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Reason
(R)</b> : The emergence of the middle class happened on account of royal
patronage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) A is true, R is false. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
A is false, R is true.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explaination of A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The emergence of the middle class happened because of
industrial revolution.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8765480134636864450" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8765480134636864450" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8765480134636864450" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8765480134636864450" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8765480134636864450" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8765480134636864450" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8765480134636864450" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8765480134636864450" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">62.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Assertion (A) :</b> The lives of
pastoralists in India underwent dramatic changes under colonial rule.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Reason
(R) :</b> In most areas the lands regularly used by pastoralists for grazing
were taken over by the colonial state and given to select individuals for
cultivation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
A is true, R is false<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
A is false, R is true<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
Both A and R are true and R is the correction explanation of A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In most areas the lands regularly used by
pastoralists for grazing were taken over by the colonial state and given to
select individuals for cultivation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">63.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Assertion (A) :</b> By the early
twentieth century, America became the biggest supplier of wheat to Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Reason
(R) :</b> The expansion of the railways during the period greatly facilitated
the transport of grain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
A is true, R is false<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
A is false, R is true<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
Both A and R are true and R is the correction explanation of A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The spread of railways made it easy to,
transport the grain from the wheat growing regions to the eatern coast por
export.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">64.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Match the following table and choose the
correct response from the options given thereafter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Column-I Column-II</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A. 1910 I. Establishment of Tonkin Free School.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> B. 1930 II. Formation of French Indo-China.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> C. 1907 III. Completion of the trans-indo-China rail
network.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> D. 1887 IV. Formation of the vietnamese Comnunist Party. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II (2) A-IV, B-III,
C-II, D-I <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
(3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-I (4) A-IV,
B-I, C-II, D-III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">65.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Arrange the following Indian novels in
accordance with their year of writing/publication<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> a. Indulekha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> b. Rajasekhara Caritramu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> c. Yamuna Paryatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> d. Pariksha-Guru<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
c, b, d, a (2) a, d, b,
c (3) c, d, b, a (4) a, b, d, c<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> a.
Indulekha published in </span><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
1889<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> b. Rajasekhara Caritramu published in </span><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> 1878<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> c. Yamuna Paryatan published in </span><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> 1857<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> d. Pariksha-Guru published in </span><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> 1882<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">66. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The main tentes of April Theses during the Bolshevik
Revolution were :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Closing the war, shifting of banks, land polling by government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Formation of labour government, bank nationalisation and land distribution.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Communits government, land fragmentation and merger of banks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
Ending the war, bank nationalisation and land transfer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">April thesis were three demands of Lenin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Land to be transferred to the Peasants<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Bank be Nationalised<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
World war first be brought to close.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">67. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Mahatma Gandhdi changed his dressing style from Western to Indian over a period of time.
Match thsoe changes as givne Column-I
and Column-II and choose the correct response from the option given thereafter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
Column A
Column B <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 46.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">A.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Suit I. 1915<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 46.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">B.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Lungi-Kurta II. 1915<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 46.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">C.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Peasant Dress
III.1921<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 46.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">D.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Short Dhoti IV.1913<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III (2)
A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II (4) A-IV, B-III,
C-I, D-II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">l</span><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">When Gandhiji went to London to study law as a boy of 19 in
1888, he dressed in a western suit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">l</span><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">In Durban in 1913, Gandhiji first appeared in a lungi and
kurta.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">l</span><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">On his return to India in 1915 he decided to dress like
Kathiawadi peasants.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;">l</span><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Only in 1921 he adopted short dhoti.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">68. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">In late 19</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-text-raise: 4.0pt; position: relative; top: -4.0pt;">th</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> and early 20</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-text-raise: 4.0pt; position: relative; top: -4.0pt;">th</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> centuries, nationalism
captured the imagination of the Indian people through a variety of cultural
processes. Which of the following was not a part of those processes ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Rewriting history to show India’s continuous progress from the ancient to the
modern times.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Creation of different images of Bharat Mata.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Recording, collection and publication of folk tales and folk songs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
Designing flags as inspiring symbols of nationalism.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">69.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Choose the correct response from the given
options.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Nomadic
people move over long distances because<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
By temperament they do not like to settle down in any one place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
They constantly look for good pastureland for their cattle.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
They follow a life style which is very different from the settled communities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
Economically they are too poor to own land. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">70. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Choose the correct response from the given options.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In
19</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-text-raise: 3.5pt; position: relative; top: -3.5pt;">th</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> century England grain production grew as
quickly as the population because<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Farmers used simple agricultural technology to greater effect.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Radical innovations were made in agricultural technology.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Larger and larger areas were brought under cultivation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
Increasing number of poor people found work as agricultural labourers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">In 19</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-text-raise: 3.5pt; position: relative; top: -3.5pt;">th</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> century England grain production grew as
quickly as the population because farmers used simple agricultural technology
to greater effect.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">71. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Choose the correct response from the given options.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> By
the late 19</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-text-raise: 3.5pt; position: relative; top: -3.5pt;">th</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> century Indians began searching for a national
dress because they wanted to<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Show that in terms of dress they were not inferior to the British.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Get rid of the blame of blindly aping the West.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Define the cultural identity of the nation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
Cultuarlly synthesize the traditions of the East and the West.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">By the late 19</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-text-raise: 3.5pt; position: relative; top: -3.5pt;">th</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> century Indians began searching for a national
dress because they wanted to define the cultural identity of the nation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">72. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Choose the correct response from the given options.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The
unification of Germany in 1871, for a change, demonstrated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
The triumph of the democractic aspirations of the German middle class.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
The fulfilment of the liberal initative to nation–building.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
The power of the common people, das volk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
The dominance of the state power and conservatives success in mobilising
nationalist sentiments. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The unification of Germany in 1871, for a change,
demonstrated the dominance of the state power and conservatives success in
mobilising nationalist sentiments. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">73. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Choose the correct response from the given options.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The
formation of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’ in 1707 meant, in effect.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Equal representation of all the British Isles in the British Parliament.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Recognition to the ethnic identities of the Welsh, the Scot and the Irish.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
The cessation of conflicts between the Catholics and the Protestants.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
The dominance of England on Scotland through the English supremacy in
Parliament.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The dominance of England on Scotland through the English
supremacy in Parliament.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">74. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Choose the correct response from the given option.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Many
within the congress were initially opposed to the idea of non-cooperation
because–<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
They did not think that British rule in Indian would collapse if Indians refused
to cooperate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
They were not yet sure of Gandhiji’s ability to successfully lead a nationwide
movement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
They were reluctant to boycott the council election scheduled for November
1920.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
They did not agree with Gandhiji’s proposal to carry the movement forward in
stages.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Many within the congress wre initially opposed to the idea of
non-cooperation because they were reluctant to boycott the council election
scheduled for November 1920.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">75. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Choose the correct response from the given options.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The
main reason why the society of Revolutionary and Republican Women was set up
during the French Revolution was because.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
women wanted laws that would help improve their lives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Women wanted the same political rights as men.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Women wanted their interests to be properly represented in the new government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
Women wanted access to education, training for jobs, and wages on par with men.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The main reason why the society of Revolutionary and
Republican Women was set up during the French Revolution was because they
wanted the same political rights as men.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">76. Assertion
(A) : </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The El Nino, a cold ocean current flows
along the coast of Peru during Christmas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Reason
(R) : </b>The presence of the El Nino leads to an increase in sea-surface
temperatures and weakening of the trade winds in the region.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Both A and R are true and R explains. A. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
(2) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
A is true and R is false. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
(4) A is false and R is true.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The El Nino, a warm ocean current flows along the coast of
Peru during Christmas.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">77. Assertion
(A) : </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Air temperature decreases from the
equator towards the poles.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Reason
(R) : </b>As one move from the sea level to higher altitudes, the atmosphere
becomes less dense and temperature decreases.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Both A and R are true and R explains. A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
A is true and R is false. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
(4) A is false and R is true.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Air temperature decreases from the equator towards the poles
because of varying insolation. Insolation is different at different areas
because of inclination of earth from its vertical axis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">78.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Match List-I (local name of shifting
cultivation) with List-II (States/Region) and select the correct answer using
the code given below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>List-I
(Local name of shifting) List-II
(States/Region)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A. Dahiya I. Jharkhand<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> B. Kumari II. Madhya Pradesh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> C. Bringa III. Odisha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> D. Kuruwa IV. Western Ghats<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I (2) A-II, B-IV,
C-III, D-I <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
(3) A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II (4) A-I,
B-IV, C-III, D-II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">79.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Assertion (A) :</b> Most nuclear power
stations in India have been constructed near sources of water.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Reason
(R) :</b> Nuclear power stations require a great quantity of water cooling
purposes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Both A and R are true and R explains A. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
A is true and R is false<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
A is false and R is true<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Nuclear power stations require a great
quantity of water cooling purposes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">80.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Assertion (A) :</b> Peninsular rocks
contain many reserves of coal, metallic minerals, mica and many othher
non-metallic minerals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Reason
(R) :</b> Sedimentary rocks on the western and eastern flanks of the peninsula,
in Gujarat and Assam have most of the ferrous minerals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Both A and R are true and R explains A. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
A is true and R is false<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
A is false and R is true<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Ferrous minerals are found in igneous rocks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">81.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which one of the following states has common
borders with the least number of countries ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Uttarakhand (2) West Bengal (3) Arunachal Pradesh (4) Sikkim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">82.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Match List-I (Rivers) with List-II (National
Waterways) and select the correct answer using the code given below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>List-I
(Rivers) List-II
(National Waterways)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A. Ganga I. National Waterway No. 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> B. Brahmaputra II. National Waterway No. 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> C. Godavari and Krishan III. National Waterway No. 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> D. Mahanadi and Brahmani IV.
National Waterway No. 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV (2) A-II, B-III,
C-IV, D-I <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
(3) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I (4)
A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">83.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Match List-I (Rivers) with List-II
(Tributaries) and select the correct answer using the code given below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>List-I
(Rivers) List-II (Tributaries)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A. Godavari I. Lihit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> B. Ganga II. Koyana<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> C. Krishna III. Wainganga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> D. Brahamputra IV. Son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I (2) A-II, B-I,
C-III, D-IV <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
(3) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I (4) A-I,
B-III, C-IV, D-II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">84. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Arrange these hills/ranges from north to south direction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> I. Zuskar Range<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> II. Shiwalik Range<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> III. Karakoram Range<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> IV. Ladakh Range<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
III, IV, I, II (2) III, I,
IV, II (3) I, II, III, IV (4) IV, III, I, II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">85. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Match List-I (Rivers) with List-II (Origin) and select the
correct answer using the codes given below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 82.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">A.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Godavari I. Cardamom Hills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 82.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">B.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Krishna II. Amarkantak
Hills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 82.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">C.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Narmada III. Nasik Hills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 82.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">D.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Vaigai IV. Mahabaleshwar <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 82.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II (2) A-III, B-IV,
C-II, D-I <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
(3) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III (4)
A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">86. Assertion
(A) :</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In India, most migrations have been
from rural to urban areas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Reason
(R) :</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The urban areas offer greater
employment opportunities and better living conditions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Both A and R are true and R explains A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Both A and R are true but R does not explain A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
A is true and R is false <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
(4) A is true and R is false<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Urban areas have more employment opportunities because of
presence of industries and service sector units. Urban areas also have better
living conditions because of the presence of numerous hospitals and educational
institutions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">87. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Arrange these hills from west to east direction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A.
Khasi hills B. Garo hills C. Naga hills D. Jaintia Range<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
C, A, B, D (2) D, B, A, C (3) A, B, C, D (4) B, A, D, C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">88. Assertion
(A) :</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The Earth does not receive an equal
amount of solar energy at all latitudes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Reason
(R) :</b> As one goes from low altitude to high altitude temperature decreases
because atmosphere becomes less dense.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Both A and R are true and R explains A <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
(2) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
A is true and R is fals
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) A is false and R is true<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.
</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The Earth does not receive an equal
amount of solar energy because of <span style="color: #231f20;">varied latitude,
not because of altitude’s position. </span></span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "bookman,bold" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman\,Bold";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">89. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Match the vegetation zones in Column -I with the associated
mean annual average temperature (in degree Celsius) in Column-II. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 46.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">A.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Tropical I. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">17C to 24C</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 46.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">B.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sub-tropical </span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">II. Above 24C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 46.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">C.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Temperate III. 7C to 17C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 46.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">D.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Alpine
IV. Below 7C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><br /> (1)
A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV (2) A-II,
B-III, C-IV, D-I <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
(3) A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I (4) A-IV,
B-II, C-III, D-I <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">90. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Match the given crops with their major producing areas shown
on the map of India. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A.
Wheat <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> B.
Coffee <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> C.
Rice <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> D.
Tea<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II (2) A-I, B-II,
C-III, D-IV <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
(3) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV (4)
A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (I) Himachal
Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh are important for the production of
wheat <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (II) Coffee cultivation is confined to the Nilgiri
in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (III)
In states like West Bengal and Odisha, three crops of paddy are grown in a
year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (IV)
Major tea producing states are Assam and hills of Darjeeling<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">91.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which of the following statement/s is/are
true about federal system ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> a.
All federations have a similar scheme of distribution of powers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> b.
The origins of different federations are dissimilar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> c. Federalism promotes unity at the cost of
diversity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> d. Federalism promotes unity in diversity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Only b (2) a and c (3) b and d (4) a, b and c<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The origins of different federations are
dissimilar as it is dicided by historical, cultural and political conditions of
a country. Federalism promotes unity in diversity as it gives the chance to
different communities to lead the government in their majority areas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">92.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> I do not contest elections, but I try to influence
the political process. I have a specific policy agenda. I have no interest in
seeking political power. Who am I ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Bureaucracy (2) Court (3) Pressure group (4) Media<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Pressure groups are organisations that
attempt to influence government policies. But unlike political parties,
pressure groups do not aim to directly control or share political power.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">93. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Which of the following statements/s is/are true? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> a.
India is among the bottom group of
nations in the world when it comes to the representation of women in
legislatures. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> b.
Women in the Arab countries are most
active in public life. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> c.
India has lesser representation of women
in legislatures as compared to Sub-Saharan Africa. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> d.
The share of women in legislative
assemblies in India is lower than that of their representation in Parliament. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
a and b (2) b and c (3) a, b and d (4) a, c and d <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">94. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Which of the following issues has been most successfully
addressed by the Indian democracy? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Social inequality (2) Economic
inequality <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">
(3) Political inequality (4)
Natural inequality <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Political inequality has been most
successfully addressed by the Indian democracy as every adult has got voting
rights in India. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">95. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Match List I (Leaders) with List II (Political parties) and
select the answer using the codes given below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 46.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">A.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">E.M.S. Namboodiripad
a. Bahuian samaj party<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 46.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">B.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sheikh Abdullah b. Telugu Desam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 46.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">C.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> N.T. Rama Rao c. Communist Party of India
(Matrxist)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">D.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Kanshi Ram d. Jammu & Kashmir
National Conference<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: center; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Ic IId IIIa IVb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Ib IId IIIc IVa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Ib IIc IIIa IVd<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
Ic IId IIIb IVa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">I. E.M.S.
Namboodiripad was Chief minister of Kerala who belonged to Communist Party of
India (Marxist).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> II. Sheikh Abdullah was Chief minister of Jammu
& Kashmir who belonged to Jammu & Kashmir National Conference.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> III.
N.T. Rama Rao belonged to Telugu Desam Party.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> IV.
Kanshi Ram was founder of Bahujan Samaj Party.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">96. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Economic growth is growth in<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
value of total output (2)
value of total investment<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
value of industrial output (4)
value added of all sectors<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">G.D.P. is value of all final goods and services produced
within the country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">97. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Mahatma Gandi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act aims at
providing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
employment to rural people in government offices.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
200 days of work/year in rural areas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
100 days of wage employment in a year to rural households<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
365 days work in rural areas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Mahatma Gandi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act aims at
providing 100 days of wage employment in a year to rural households.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">98. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">A landless worker in a village takes a king loan of two bags
of rice from the village landlord. The condition is that she will repay the
loan in two and half bags of rice at the end of one year. The interset paid
equals<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
the difference between the money value of rice between now and at the end of
the year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
31.25 percent of the original amount of loan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
25 percent of the original amout of loan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
the difference between the rates of interest charged by banks between now and
at the end of the year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Principal = 2 bags of Rice<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Amount
= </span><span style="mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:18pt;height:27pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\RECEPT~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1025"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1494838138">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> bags of Rice<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Interest
= Amount – Principal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> = </span><span style="mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:10.5pt;height:27pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\RECEPT~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image010.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1026"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1494838139">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> bags of Rice = 25 percent of the original
amount (two bags) of loan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">99. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Non-market activity is<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
a state of unemployment<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
producing for self consumption<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
selling the products nearby temples<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
selling the products through the Regulated Market<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Self consumption is not a market activity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">100. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">A typical farmer’s capital includes tractor, turbines,
plough, seeds, fertilisers, pesticides and cash in hand. Which of these
combinations can be classified as working capital?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Tractor, turbines and plough<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Seeds, fertilisers, pesticides and cash in hand<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Plough, seeds, fertilisers and pesticides<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
Plough, seeds, fertilisers, pesticides and cash in hand<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Raw materials and money in hand are called <b>working capital</b>.
Unlike tools, machines and buildings, these are used up in production.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-25357561913249630002014-11-14T19:28:00.001-08:002014-11-14T19:28:11.840-08:00NTSE STAGE 1 2014 RAJASTHAN PAPER<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
56.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The writer of ‘The Social Contract’ is<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Rousseau <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Montesquieu <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Tilak <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Mirabeau<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Rousseau carried the idea forward, proposing a form of government based on a social contract between people and their representatives.<br />
<br />
57.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated at Waterloo in<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) 1518<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) 1815<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) 1915<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) 1819<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Napoleon was finally defeated at Waterloo in 1815.<br />
<br />
58.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The world’s biggest stock exchange ‘Wall Street Exchange’ is located in<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) France <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) China <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) U.S.A. <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Japan<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Wall Street Exchange which crashed in 1929 is situated in USA.<br />
<br />
59.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Nazi youth group for children below 14 years of age was<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Strom Troopers <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Gestapo <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Jungvolk <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Ghettoes<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Youth organisations were made responsible for educating German youth in the spirit of National Socialism.<br />
Ten-year-olds had to enter Jungvolk.<br />
<br />
60.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>‘Plant more wheat, wheat will win the war’. The statement is of<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) President Wilson <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Churchill <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Tzar Nicholas II <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Franklin D. Roosevelt<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>US President Wilson called upon US farmers to respond to the need of the time. .Plant more wheat, wheat will win the war,. he said.<br />
<br />
61.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The tactful diplomatic alliance between Sardinia-Piedmont and France was engineered by<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Mazzini <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Cavour <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Garibaldi <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Victor Emmanuel<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France engineered by Cavour, Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859.<br />
<br />
62.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The film ‘Raja Harishchandra’ (1913) was made by<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Gulzar <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Basu Bhattacharya <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Dada Saheb Phalke <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) C. Ramchandran<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dadasaheb Phalke made Raja Harishchandra (1913).<br />
<br />
63.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Which novel is known as the first modern novel of Malayalam?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Henrietta Temple <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Pariksha Guru <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Chandrakanta <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Indulekha<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Delightful novel called Indulekha, published in 1889, was the first modern novel in Malayalam.<br />
<br />
64.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In Trinidad the annual Muharram procession is known as<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Karvala <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Hosay <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Hassan <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Haidos<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In Trinidad the annual Muharram procession was transformed into a riotous carnival called 'Hosay' (for Imam Hussain) in which workers of all races and religions joined.<br />
<br />
65.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The proposal of ‘Non-cooperation Movement’ was passed by Congress in the session held at<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Nagpur <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Kanpur<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Amritsar <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Lucknow<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Congress session at Nagpur in December 1920, a compromise was worked out and the Non-Cooperation programme was adopted.<br />
<br />
66.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In India Tropic of Cancer passes through the state of<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Bihar <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Orissa <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Jharkhand <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Uttar Pradesh<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Jharkhand<br />
<br />
67.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Match List-I with List- II and select the correct answer:<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>List-I <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>List-II<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Peak <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Height (meter)<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(A) Mt. Everest <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(i) 8598<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(B) Kanchenjunga <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(ii)8481 <br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(C) Makalu <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iii) 8848<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(D) Dhaulagiri <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iv) 8172<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(A) <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(B)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(C) <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(D)<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iii)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(ii)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iv)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(i)<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(ii)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(i)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iii)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iv)<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(i)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iii)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(i)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(ii)<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iii)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(i)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(ii)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iv)<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mt. Everest Nepal 8848 , Kanchenjunga India 8598 , Makalu Nepal 8481, Dhaulagiri Nepal 8172<br />
<br />
68.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Which of the following is not tributary of Ganga?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Yamuna <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Satluj <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Ghaghara <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Kosi<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Satluj is the tributary of Indus<br />
<br />
69.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In India total forest area as per Forest Report, 2011 is <br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) 21.05% <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) 20.06% <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) 22.07% <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) 19.80%<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The forest cover in the country is estimated at 78.29 million hectare, which is 23.81 per cent of the total geographical area. (dense forest 12.30 per cent; open forest 8.75 per cent; and mangrove 0.14 per cent). According to the State of Forest Report (2011), the dense forest cover has increased by 10,098 sq km since 1997. (Pg.15 xth).<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>According to India State of Forest Report 2011, the forest cover in India is 21.05 per cent. (ixth geography).<br />
<br />
70.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Which state in India has Kaziranga National Park? <br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Bihar <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) West Bengal <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Jharkhand <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Assam<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Assam<br />
<br />
71.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Which type of resource is solar energy?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Replenishable <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Human-made <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Biotic <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Non-recyclable<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Solar energy is a renewable resource. Human- made, photovoltaic technology convert sunlight directly into<br />
electricity.<br />
<br />
72.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hirakud Dam is situated on the river<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Godavari <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Tapi <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Mahanadi <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Yamuna<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mahanadi<br />
<br />
73.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Non-food crop is<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Wheat <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Rice <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Cotton <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Bajra<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cotton<br />
<br />
74.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Which of the following is a non-ferrous mineral?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Bauxite <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Managanese <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Nickel <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Cobalt<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bauxite is the ore of Aluminium which is non ferrous<br />
<br />
75.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Seaport of India is<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Delhi <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Hyderabad <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Vishakhapatnam <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Amritsar<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Vishakhapatnam is the deepest landlocked and well-protected port of India.<br />
<br />
76.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Match List-I with List- II and select the correct answer:<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>List-I <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>List-II<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(A)Union of India <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(i) Prime-Minister<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(B) State <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(ii) Sarpanch<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(C) Municipal Corporation <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iii) Governor<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(D) Gram Panchayat <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iv) Mayor<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(A) <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(B)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(C) <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(D)<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iv)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(i)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(ii)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iii)<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(ii)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iii)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iv)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(i)<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(i)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iii)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iv)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(ii)<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iii)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(iv)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(i)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(ii)<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Union of India- Prime Minister State- Governor, Municipal Corporation- Mayor, Gram Panchayat- Sarpanch<br />
<br />
77.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Government body which implements law is<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Legislature <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Judiciary <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Executive <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Press<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Executive<br />
<br />
78.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Who among the following is the founder of the Bahujan Samaj Party?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Kanshiram <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Sahu Maharaj <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) B.R. Ambedkar <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Jyotiba Phule<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>BSP was formed in 1984 under the leadership of Kanshi Ram. Seeks to represent and secure power for the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits, adivasis, OBCs and religious minorities.<br />
<br />
79.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In the context of assessing democracy which among the following is not according to democratic system?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Free and fair elections <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Dignity of the individual <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Majority rule <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Equal treatment before law<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Majority Rule<br />
<br />
80.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>When did the constitution of India came into effect?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) 9th November, 1946<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) 15th August , 1947<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) 26th November, 1949<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) 26th January, 1950<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Assembly adopted the Constitution on 26 November 1949 but it came into effect on January 26, 1950.<br />
<br />
81.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What is the period of Indian Lok Sabha ?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) 3 years<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) 5 years<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) 6 years<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) 4 years<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>5 years<br />
<br />
82.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Who is the highest formal authority of India ?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) President<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Prime Minister<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Governor<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Chief Minister<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>President<br />
<br />
83.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>How many seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha ?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) 84<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) 41<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) 32<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) 47<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>For Scheduled Tribes, 47 seats are reserved in Lok Sabha.<br />
<br />
84.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Which of the following rights is reserved under the Constitution of India ?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Right to work<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Right to adequate livelihood<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Right to protect one’s culture<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Right to privacy<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(Bonus)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Article 41 of the Constitution provides that "the State shall within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want."( article 6 of the ICESCR) Article 38 states that the state shall strive to promote the welfare of the people and article 43 states it shall endeavor to secure a living wage and a decent standard of life to all workers. The constitution of India guarantees all citizens belonging to any religion or caste equal cultural and educational rights.<br />
<br />
85.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What is the literacy rate of women in India ?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) 54%<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) 76%<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) 36%<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) 60%<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The literacy rate in the country as per the Census of 2001 is 64.84 per cent; 75.26 per cent for males and 53.67 per cent for females. (ixth population Geography Pg 58). The literacy rate in the country as per the Census of 2011 is 74.04 percent; 82.14 percent for males and 65.46 percent for females. (Page 8 geography errata ixth).<br />
<br />
86.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Working capital is :<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Computer<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Generator<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Building<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Raw material<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Raw material<br />
<br />
87.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Example of barter exchange is :<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) purchasing wheat with money<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) purchasing fruits with money<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) purchasing milk with money<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) purchasing sugar with wheat<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In a barter system goods are directly exchanged without the use of money.<br />
<br />
88.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Consumer Protection Act was enacted in India in :<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) 1986<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) 1982<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) 1984<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) 1988<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>A major step taken in 1986 by the Indian government was the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act 1986, popularly known as COPRA.<br />
<br />
89.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Suitable measure to compare economic development of two countries is :<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) Gross Domestic Product<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) Gross National Product<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) Individual income<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) Per capita income<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>For comparison between countries, total income is not an useful measure. Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. Hence, we compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population. The average income is also called per capita income.<br />
<br />
90.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Private sector’s major objective is to :<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(1) provide benefits to public<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(2) provide benefits to government<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3) earn profits<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(4) serve the people<br />
Ans.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(3)<br />
Sol.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>To earn profit.<br />
<br />
<br />
* * * * *<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-59715558525734748362014-10-28T00:05:00.003-07:002014-10-28T00:05:26.071-07:00NTSE STAGE 2 ORIGINAL PAPER 2014<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; font-size: 10pt;">61. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Consider the following events related to the French
Revolution and identify the correct chronological response from the options
given thereafter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (a) Convocation of Estates General (b)
Storming of the Bastille<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (c) Preasent revolts in the
countryside (d)
Third Estate forms National Assembly<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) a, c, d, b (2) d, b, c, a (3) a, d, b, c (4) b, a, c, d<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>(3)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> 1789<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> 1. Convocation of Estates General, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> 2. Third Estate forms National
Assembly, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> 3. the Bastille is stormed,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> 4. peasant revolts in the
countryside.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">62. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Consider
the following statements and identify the correct response from the options
given thereafter:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (a) The colonies in the Caribbean
were important suppliers of tobacco, indigo sugar and coffee.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (b) The slave trade began in the 15</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-text-raise: 6.5pt; position: relative; top: -6.5pt;">th</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> century.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (c) French port cities like
Bordeaux and Nantes owed their economic properity to the flourishing slave
trade.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (d) Slavery was finally abolished
in the French colonies in 1848.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) a, c, d (2) a, b, d (3) b, c, d (4) b, c, a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans.
(1)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The
colonies in the Caribbean . Martinique, Guadeloupe and San Domingo were
important suppliers of commodities such as tobacco, indigo, sugar and coffee.
The slave trade began in the seventeenth century. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> French merchants sailed from the
ports of Bordeaux or Nantes to the African coast, where they bought slaves from
local chieftains. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Slavery was finally abolished in
French colonies in 1848.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">63. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Match
the List –I with List – II and select the correct response from the options
given therafter:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> List – I List – II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">(I) Liberals (a)
Government to be based on the majority of country’s population<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (II) Radicals (b)
The past has to be respected and change has to be brought about through a slow process<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (III) Conservatives (c)
Property to be controlled by society as a whole<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (IV) Socialists (d)
Men of property mainly should have the right to vote <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) I– c, II – b, III – a, IV – d (2)
I – b, II – d, III – a, IV – c<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) I – a, II – b, III – c, IV – d (4)
I – d, II – a, III – b, IV – c<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Liberals did not
believe in universal adult franchise, that is, the right of every citizen to
vote. They felt men of property mainly should have the vote.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Radicals wanted a nation in which
government was based on the majority of a country’s population.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Conservatives accepted that some
change was inevitable but believed that the past had to be respected and change
had to be brought about through a slow process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Socialist believed that property to
be controlled by society as a whole<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">64. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Consider
the following statements and identify the correct response from the options
given thereafter:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Statements – I: </b>Nazism
became a mass movement after the Great Depression<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Statements – II : </b>After
1929, banks collpased and businesses shut down, workers lost their jobs and the
middle classes were threatened with destitution.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Statement I is false and
Statement II is true <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) Statement I is true and
Statement II is false<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Both Statement I and Statement
II are true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I<b> <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">(4)
Both Statement I and Statement II are true but Statement II is not the correct
explanation of Statement I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The
effects 1929 recession in the US economy were felt worldwide. The German
economy was the worst hit by the economic crisis. The middle classes,
especially salaried employees and pensioners, saw their savings diminish when
the currency lost its value. This crisis in the economy, polity and society
formed the background to Hitler.s rise to power.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">65. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Consider
the following statements and identify the correct response from the options
given thereafter:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Statement–I : </b>According to
the Criminal Tribes Act of 1871, nomadic pastoralists were forced to live only
in notified village settlements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Statement– II : </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Colonial state wanted to transform all grazing lands into
cultivated farms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Statement I is false and
Statement II is true <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) Statement I is true and
Statement II is false<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Both Statement I and Statement
II are true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I<b> <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">(4)
Both Statement I and Statement II are true but Statement II is not the correct
explanation of Statement I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In 1871, the
colonial government in India passed the Criminal Tribes Act. Once this Act came
into force, these communities were expected to live only in notified village
settlements. They were not allowed to move out without a permit. The village
police kept a continuous watch on them. British officials were suspicious of
nomadic people. They distrusted mobile craftsmen and traders who hawked their
goods in villages, and pastoralists who changed their places of residence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">66. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Match
the List – I with List – II and select the correct response from the options
given thereafter:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 2.85pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b> List
– I List
– II<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 2.85pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">(a) The British government established (i) 1780s<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 2.85pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> monopoly in opium trade
in Bengal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 2.85pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (b) The
British government exported 50,000 (ii) 1820s<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 2.85pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> chests of opium from
Bengal annually<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 2.85pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (c) Opium
production in British occupied (iii) 1870<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 2.85pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> territories declined
rapidly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 2.85pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (d) Village
headmen started paying peasants (iv) 1773<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 2.85pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> for producing opium in
advance <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) a– ii, b – iii, c – iv, d – i (2) a – iv, b – iii, c – ii, d –
i<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) a – iii, b – ii, c – i, d – iv (4) a – i, b - ii, c - iv, d -
iii<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> By 1773, the
British government in Bengal had established a monopoly to trade in opium. No
one else was legally permitted to trade in the product.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In 1870, the Biritish government was exporting about
50,000 chests annually.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> By the 1820s, the British found to
their horror that opium production in their territories was rapidly declining,
but its production outside the British territories was increasing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> From the 1780s, village headmen
(mahato) giving them money advances to produce opium.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">67. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Consider
the following statements and identify the correct response from the options
given thereafter:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (a) Cricket, in Victorian England,
was an all season leisure game for aristocrats.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (b) The captain of the team was
traditionally a batsman in Victorian England as amateurs played only as
batsman.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (c) Len Hutton was the first
professional Yorkshire batsman to lead the English test team.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (d) There was clear social
hierarchy between the batsmen and the bowlers in Victorian England.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) a, b and c (2) a, b, and d (3) a, c and d (4) b, c, and d<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The game was
seasonal and did not offer employment the year round. The rich who could afford
to play it for pleasure were called amateursTo play for the pleasure of playing
and not for money was an aristocratic value. Amateurs tended to be batsmen. It
was not till the 1930s that the English Test team was led by a professional,
the Yorkshire batsman, Len Hutton. The social superiority of amateurs was built
into the customs of cricket.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">68. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Consider
the following statements and identify the correct response from the options
given thereafter:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Statement – I : </b>Campaign for
dress reforms by women started with the development of the suffrage movement<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Statement – II: </b>Dress reform
emphasized differences between men and women and established the status of
women as obedient and dutiful.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Statement I is false and
Statement II is true <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) Statement I is true and
Statement II is false<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Both Statement I and Statement
II are true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I<b> <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">(4)
Both Statement I and Statement II are true but Statement II is not the correct
explanation of Statement I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> By the 1830s,
women in England began agitating for democratic rights. As the suffrage
movement developed, many began campaigning for dress reform. Clothing played a part in creating the image of frail,
submissive Victorian women.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">69. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Consider
the following statements and identify the correct response from the options
given thereafter:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Statement – I : </b>Schools
became and important place for political and cultural battles in Vietnam under
the French rule.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Statment – II : </b>Teachers did
not blindly follow the curriculum but sometimes modified the text and
criticized what was stated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Statement I is false and
Statement II is true <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) Statement I is true and
Statement II is false<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Both Statement I and Statement
II are true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I<b> <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">(4)
Both Statement I and Statement II are true but Statement II is not the correct
explanation of Statement I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Teachers
and students did not blindly follow the curriculum. Sometimes there was open
opposition, at other times there was silent resistance. As the numbers of
Vietnamese teachers increased in the lower classes, it became difficult to
control what was actually taught. While teaching, Vietnamese teachers quietly
modified the text and criticised what was stated. By the 1920s, students were
forming various political parties, such as the Party of Young Annan, and
publishing nationalist journals such as the Annanese Student.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">70. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Consider
the following statements and identify the correct response from the options
given thereafter:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Statement – I : </b>In 1921, as
the Non–Cooperation movment spread, houses of talukdars were looted and merchants were attacked.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Statement – II : </b>Mahatma
Gandhi had declared that tax was not be paid and land was to be redistributed
amongst the poor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Statement I is false and
Statement II is true <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) Statement I is true and
Statement II is false<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Both Statement I and Statement
II are true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I<b> <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">(4)
Both Statement I and Statement II are true but statement II is not the correct
explanation of Statement I.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> As the movement
spread in 1921, the houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked, bazaars
were looted, and grain hoards were taken over. In many places local leaders
told peasants that Gandhiji had declared that no taxes were to be paid and land
was to be redistributed among the poor. The name of the Mahatma was being
invoked to sanction all action and aspirations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">71. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Consider
the following statements and identify the correct response from the options
given thereafter :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Statement I : In Victorian Britain,
the upper classes – the aristocrats and the bourgeoisie – preferred things
produced by machine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Statement II : Machine goods were
mass produced and were easily available.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Statement I is false and
Statement II is true<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) Statement I is true and
Statement II is false.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Both Statement I and Statement
II are true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) Both Statement I and Statement
II are true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In Victorian
Britain, the upper classes - the aristocrats and the bourgeoisie - preferred
things produced by hand. Handmade products came to symbolise refinement and
class. They were better finished, individually produced, and carefully
designed. Machinemade goods were for export to the colonies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">72.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Consider the
following statement and identify the correct response from the options given
thereafter :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Statement I :</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In the 19</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-text-raise: 6.5pt; position: relative; top: -6.5pt;">th</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> century, London was a colossal city.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Statement II :</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> London had many large factories.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Statement I is false and
Statement II is true<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) Statement I is frue and
Statement II are true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement
I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Both Statement I and Statement
II are true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) Both Statement I and Statement
II are true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> By 1750, one out
of every nine people of England and Wales lived in London. It was a colossal
city with a population of about 675,000. Over the nineteenth century, London
continued to expand. The city of London was a powerful magnet for migrant
populations, even though it did not have large factories.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">73.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Consider the
statement given below and select the correct explanation from the responses
given therefter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> People of depressed classes found it
difficult to find housing in Bombay during the late nineteenth century.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Bombay had a mere 9.5 square
yards average space per person.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) Wages of depressed classes were
usually less than that of others.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Most people of depressed
classes were kept out of chawls.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) People belonging to the
depressed classes had fixed space allotted per family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> People who
belonged to the 'depressed classes' found it even more difficult to find
housing. Lower castes were kept out of many chawls and often had to live in
shelters made of corrugated sheets, leaves, or bamboo poles.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">74.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Consider the
statement given below and select the correct explanation from the responeses
given thereafter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In 1878 the Vernacular Press Act
was passed,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Englishmen criticized the
printed matter objectionable to the Government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) After the Revolt of 1857 the
British wanted to clamp down the Indian press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) British rule needed to be
celebrated by journals and papers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) Nationalish newspapers grew in
numbers and needed to be controlled.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> After the revolt
of 1857, the attitude to freedom of the press changed. Enraged Englishmen
demanded a clamp down on the 'native' press. As vernacular newspapers became <b>assertively
nationalist</b>, the colonial government began debating measures of stringent
control. In 1878, the Vernacular Press Act was passed, modelled on the Irish
Press Laws.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">75.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> By the 18</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; mso-text-raise: 6.5pt; position: relative; top: -6.5pt;">th</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> century, which of the
following commodities were produced on large plantations in America by slave
labour and exported to other countries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Grains such as wheat and barley (2) Tropical
fruits such as bananas and oranges<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Animal products such as wool
and beef (4) Cash
crops such as suger and cotton<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In America, by the
eighteenth century, plantations worked by slaves captured in Africa were
growing cotton and sugar for European markets.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">76.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> My stems are
succulent, my leaves are mostly thick<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In which category of the following
vegetation type I am largely found?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Tropical deciduous forest (2)
Montane forest<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Tropical thorn forest and
scrubs (4)
Mangrove forest<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Acacias, palms,
euphorbias and cacti are the main plant species of the Tropical thorn forest.
Trees are scattered and have long roots penetrating deep into the soil in order
to get moisture. The stems are succulent to conserve water. Leaves are mostly
thick and small to minimize evaporation. These forests give way to thorn
forests and scrubs in arid areas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">77.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The following
diagram shows the general land use category in India. Identify the shaded
category<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 28.35pt 141.75pt 255.15pt 368.55pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Net sown area <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 28.35pt 141.75pt 255.15pt 368.55pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Forest </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiQopMAg1QQW8NU93kKLcOwbf71iBPn_hSkVriftEevpgE8yADr9cyZmy4muW-4a-xloQyIE9se1GHZa455A_PrMTBPOnNRfGuuu7tdqIhX5qwGoGS1-i3r-21tctBPn7d2aKJUhEPejBC/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiQopMAg1QQW8NU93kKLcOwbf71iBPn_hSkVriftEevpgE8yADr9cyZmy4muW-4a-xloQyIE9se1GHZa455A_PrMTBPOnNRfGuuu7tdqIhX5qwGoGS1-i3r-21tctBPn7d2aKJUhEPejBC/s1600/2.png" height="128" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
Current Fallow <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
Barren and waste land<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></div>
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<o:p></o:p><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">78.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Assertion (A) : Since 1981, growth rate
of population in India has started declining gradually<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Reason
(R) : Birth rate is declining. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Select
the correct option from the given alternatives<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)
Both A and R are false<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3)
A is false and R is true.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4)
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Since 1981,the rate of population growth started declining
gradually. During this period, birth rates declined rapidly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">79.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which of the following diagram shows the
approximate relief of India around, 20°N latitude from Daman to Bhubaneswar?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) </span></div>
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<o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) </span></div>
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<o:p></o:p><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats
mark the western and the eastern edges of the Deccan Plateau respectively.
Western Ghats lie parallel to the western coast. The Western Ghats are higher
than the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Eastern
Ghats. Their average elevation is 900-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> 1600
metres as against 600 metres of the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Eastern
Ghats. The Eastern Ghats stretch from the Mahanadi Valley to the Nigiris in the
south.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">80. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Identify
the right pair from the following:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b> Place Source
of Energy<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">(A) Ennore (i) Nuclear<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (B) Rawat
Bhata (ii) Thermal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (C) Kopili (iii) Hydro electric<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (D) Nagarcoil (iv) Wind<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) A – iv, B – ii, C – iii, D – i (2)
A – i, B – iii, C – ii, D - iv<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) A – ii, B – i, C – iii, D – iv (3)
A – ii, B – i, C – iv, D – iii<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ennore-
Thermal power- station in TamilNadu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Rawatbhata- Nuclear power station
in Rajasthan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Kopili- Hydel power project<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Nagarcoil - Tamilnadu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">81. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The
peninsular part of India experiences peak summers earlier than northern India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Due to apparent northward
movement of the sun, the global heat belts shift northwards.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) Cold waves from central Asia
sweeps through the northern plains during that time<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) There is less rainfall in the
peninsular India during that time<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) Clouds do not form in those
months.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2.85pt 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Due to the
apparent northward movement of the sun, the global heat belt shifts northward.
In March, the highest temperature is about 38° Celsius, recorded on the Deccan
plateau. In April, temperatures in Gujarat and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Madhya Pradesh are around 42°
Celsius. In May, temperature of 45° Celsius is common in the northwestern parts
of the country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">82. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">National
Highway–7 is the longest national highway in India, which traverses between
Varanasi and Kanya Kumari. Identify the places onroute from North to South.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Nagpur – Jabalpur – Bangalore –
Hyderabad – Madurai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) Jabalpur – Nagpur – Hyderabad –
Bangalore – Madurai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Jabalpur – Nagpur – Bangalore –
Hyderabad – Madurai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) Nagpur – Jabalpur – Hyderabad –
Bangalore – Madurai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Jabalpur Nagpur
Hyderabad Banglore Madurai runs from North to South.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">83. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The
process of manufacturing of cotton garment is depicted in the following flow
diagram. Identify the correct sequence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></div>
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<o:p></o:p><br />
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (a) Dyeing and finishing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (b) Fiber production<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (c) Garment manufacture<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (d) Weaving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) 1b, 2a, 3c, 4d (2) 1b, 2d, 3c, 4a (3) 1b, 2d, 3a, 4c (4) 1b, 2a, 3d, 4c<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Fiber production
Weaving Dyeing Garment manufacture<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">84. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Match
the fresh water lakes on the map of India (I, II, III, IV) with their
respective names.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></div>
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<o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (A) Bhimtal (B) Loktak (C) Barapani (D) Dal lake<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) A – III, B – II, C – I, D – IV (2)
A – IV, B – III, C – II, D – I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) A – III, B – I, C – II, D – IV (4)
A – IV, B – III, C – I, D – II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Bhimtal –
Uttarakhand<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Loktak – Manipur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Barapani – Megahalaya <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Dal Lake – Jammu and Kashmir<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">85. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">A
major line of latitude that passes through Mizoram also passes through which
one of the following
state .............<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Nagaland (2) Odisha (3)
Bihar (4)
Jharkhand<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Jharkhand<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">86. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Observe
the following graph of a particular place. It is situated at an altitude of 224
meters above Mean Sea level and at latitude 26°18’N<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Identify
the type of natural vegetation most likely to be found in this place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Montane forest (2) Mangrove forest (3) Tropical thorn forest (4) Tropical evergreen forest<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Tropical
Thorn Forest<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">87. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Identify
the state from given names which has all the following characteristics<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (A) Its annual rainfall is 200–400
cm.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (B) Most of the area is covered
under with alluvial soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (C) Rice is the predominant crop of
this state.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Punjab (2) Assam (3) Odisha (4) Tamil Nadu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Assam
lying in Brahmaputra valley<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">88. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">With
the help of given map identify the dates of advancing Monsoon in India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">(1)
I – 1 June; II – 10 June; III – 15 July (2)
I – 1 June; II – 10 June; III – 1 July<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) I – 15 June; II – 15 July; III
– 15 August (4) I –
15 July; II – 10 June; III – 1 June<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">89.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Match the places with altitude<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></div>
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<o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) I-D, II-A, III-C, IV-B (2) I-C, II-A, III-B, IV-D (3) I-B, II-D, III-C, IV-A (4) I-B, II-A, III-C, IV-D<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Nagpur
– 312<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Shillong – 1461<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Jodhpur – 224<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Kolkata – 6<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">90.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> What was the
local time in Tokyo situated at 139° 45’ East longitude, when the President of
India was hoisting the Indian National Flag in the presence of Japanese Prime
Minister at 10 a.m. in New Delhi? The viewer in Japan were watching live
telecast of this event.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) 6.11 a.m. (2) 1.49 a.m. (3) 2.49 a.m. (4) 1.49 p.m.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">In
Japan, Tokyo in situated at 139°45’ East longitude.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In India, the time of Delhi is
calculated by 82°30’ east longitude.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> So, the difference between the
longitudes is 139°45’ – 82°30’ = 57°15’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> So, the time difference between
Delhi and Tokyo is 57°×4 minute.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> = 228 min. (as 1° longitude is
equal to 4 min.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> = 3 hrs. 48 min., so accordingly
there should be difference of around 4 hrs. between Delhi and Tokyo.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Hence (A) is correct answer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">91.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The following
statements are about democracy in the contemporary world.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A.
Democracy expanded throughout the 20th century.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> B.
Democracy did not spread evenly throughout the world<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> C.
All the member states of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are
democracies. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> D. All the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are
democracies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) A and B (2) A, B and C (3) A, B and D (4) B, C and D<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans.
(1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">International
Monetary Fund (IMF) is one of the biggest moneylenders for any country in the
world. Its 173 member states do not have equal voting rights. The Council has
five permanent members - US, Russia, UK, France and China in which China is not
democratic country. Ten other members are elected by the General Assembly for
two-year terms. The real power is with five permanent members.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">92.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Match the
following <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A. Abraham
Lincoln (i) How long shall we continue to deny
equality in our social and economic life? If
we continue to deny it for long, we will do so only by putting our political democracy in peril.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 4.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> B. Mahatma
Gandhi (ii) Democracy is ‘government of the people,
by the people and for the people.’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> C. Dr.
B.R. Ambedkar (iii) The service of India means the service of
the millions who suffer. It means the ending
of poverty and ignorance and disease and inequality of opportunity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> D. Jawaharlal Nehru (IV) I shall work for an India in which ... all communities shall
live in perfect harmony.
There can be no room in such an India for the curse of untouch ability.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III (2)
A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II (4) A-I, B-II,
C-III, D-IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Abraham
Lincoln gave his famous speech in Gettybergs in which he told Democracy is
‘government of the people, by the people and for the people.’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Mahatma Gandhi wrote in his
magazine Young India in 1931 that I shall work for an India in which ... all
communities shall live in perfect harmony. There can be no room in such an
India for the curse of untouch ability.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Dr. B.R. Ambedkar gave speech to the
constituent assembly in which he stated his anxiety very clearly. On the 26th
of January 1950 we are going to enter a life of contradictions. In politics we
will have equality and in social and economic life we will have
inequality....How long shall we continue to deny equality in our social and
economic life? If we continue to deny it for long, we will do so only by
putting our political democracy in peril.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Jawaharlal Nehru gave his famous
speech to the Constituent Assembly at the stroke of midnight on August 15, 1947
That future is not one of ease or resting but of incessant striving so that we
may fulfil the pledges we have so often taken and the one we shall take today.
The service of India means the service of the millions who suffer. It means the
ending of poverty and ignorance and disease and inequality of opportunity. The
ambition of the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> greatest man of our generation has
been to wipe every tear from every eye. That may be beyond us, but as long as
there are tears and suffering, so long our work will not be over.</span><span style="font-family: English111VivaceBT; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: English111VivaceBT;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">93.
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Parliament
of India consists of
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) President, Rajya Sabha and Lok
Sabha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Election Commission, Rajya
Sabha and Lok Sabha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) President, Election Commission,
Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Lok
Sabha, Rajya Sabha,President<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">94.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which of the following is not a feature of a
democratic form of government?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Majority rule (2)
Rights of minorities <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Universal adult franchise (4)
Majoritarianism <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Majoritarianism<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">95</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">. Which of the following institutions have
reserved seats for women?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A.
Lok Sabha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> B.
Rajya Sabha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> C.
Legislative Assemblies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> D.
Municipalities<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> E.
Panchayats <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) A, C, D, E (2) B, C, D, E (3) D and E (3) E only<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans.
(3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Local self govern
ments<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">96.
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The
following are major changes that occurred in agriculture in the
post-Independent India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A. Use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> B. Introduction of Genetically modified (GM)
crops<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> C. Application of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> D. Organic fanning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Which of the above signifies Green Revolution of late 1960s and 1970s?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) A and B (2) B and C (3) A and C (4)
B and D<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">GM
crops and organic farming is recent development<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">97.
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Information
relating to which of the following aspects are used to determine the human
development in a country?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Health, education and poverty (2)
Inequality, health and education <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Health, education and
income (4) Women's health, education and
income<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Per
Capita Income, Life Expectancy, Literacy Rate <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">98. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">A
father in a farm produces 100 kg of paddy in one acre of land during every
season. One year, his son joined hin in farming. Which of the following
definitely indicates disguised unemployment ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Output remains at 100 kilograms (2) Output
increased to 150 kilograms<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Output increased to 200
kilograms (3)
Output increased to 250 kilograms<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Productivity
remain same.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">99. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">How
membership in a Self Help Group helps a poor rural woman ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Facilitates her how to help
herself in daily work<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (2) To work together in factories
and get regular employment<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) To overcome the problem of lack
of collateral as borrowing is based on the group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (4) To get free money from the
govenment<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> After a year or
two, if the group is regular in savings, it becomes eligible for availing loan
from the bank. Loan is sanctioned in the name of the group and is meant to
create selfemployment opportunities for the members.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">100. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Though
consumers in India has the right to information about the product he/she
purchases, which of the following aspects of a product, the producer need not
inform the consumer ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (1) Date of production (2)
Date of expiry <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> (3) Address of the producer (4)
The production process<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Ans. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Sol. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The
production process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-49162880566207341462014-09-18T21:51:00.003-07:002014-09-18T21:51:41.185-07:00Consumer Rights<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l17 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Consumer Exploitation <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l12 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In capitalist society consumer in
king however companies poorly treat them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Reasons<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>I.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When
Goods & Services short in supply – prices go high i.e inflation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>II.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Monopoly:
manipulation in price by hoarding & black marketing <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>III.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Low
Literacy & ignorance : leads to exploitation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>IV.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unorganized
consumers widely dispersed & not united.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>V.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Misleading
information through ads, false promises.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l15 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Forms of Consumer Exploitation <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>I.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Under
weight <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>II.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">High
Prices<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>III.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Adulteration
of Foods & Edible oils <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>IV.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sub-Standard
Quality <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>V.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Duplicacy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>VI.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lack
of Safety Device <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l14 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Consumer Movements <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Consumer Movement arose out of dissatisfaction
of Consumer & many unfair practices indulged by sellers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">First Consumer Movement Started in <b>England</b> after First World war<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ralph Nadar, Consumer activist of USA
is known as <b>‘Father of Consumer Movement’<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Modern declaration about Consumer
Rights declared in USA(1962) on 15 March<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">15<sup>th</sup> March is Celebrated
as <b>‘ World Consumer Rights Day’</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l12 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Four Basic Rights Declared <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l13 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>I.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Right to Choice<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l13 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>II.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Right
to Information<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l13 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>III.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Right
to Safety <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l13 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>IV.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Right
to be Heard<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l11 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1985 United Nations (UNO) adopted Guidelines
for Protection of consumers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l14 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Consumer Movement in India.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l11 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">24 Dec. 1986, Indian Parliament enacted
‘ Consumer Protection Act(COPRA)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l11 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">24 Dec. is observed as “National Consumer‘s
Right Day”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l14 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rights & Duties of Consumer in India<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rights <o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>i.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Right
to Safety :Protection from Goods & Services hazardous to life &
property <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>ii.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Right
to be Informed: Includes Quality, Quantity , Purity , Price.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2005 New Act Passed “Right to Information
Act(RTI).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>iii.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Right
to Choose: Assurance of access to Variety of goods & services.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>iv.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Right
to be Heard: Consumer grievances should be heard at appropriate forums.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>v.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Right
to Seek redressal : i.e Settlement of genuine grievances.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>vi.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Right
to Consumer Education : Includes Knowledge about goods & Services.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Duties<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Consumer Should <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -1.0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>I.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Look
Quality <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -1.0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>II.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Guarantee
& Warranty<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -1.0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>III.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Buy
marked Products ISI , AGMARK<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -1.0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>IV.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cash
–Memo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -1.0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>V.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Form
consumer awareness organizations<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -1.0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>VI.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Must
Make Complaints of genuine grievances <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -1.0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>VII.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Know
their rights.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Consumer Grievances Redressal agencies <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Under ‘Copra’ –Consumer dispute
Redressal agencies set up. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l18 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">District Forum<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Established by state government <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Claim up to 20 lakhs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Samples send to laboratory <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Appeal against the district forums within
30 days <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Members – Chairman +2 members <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l18 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">State Commission <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Est. By state Government <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Consist – President (either judge or
former judge of high Court ) + 2 members <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Claim above 20 lakh to 1 crore <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Appeal against order of state
commission within 30 days to national commission <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l18 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">National commission <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ent. By Central Government <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Consist – President ( Judge of
Supreme Court) + 2 members<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Claim – More Than 1 crore <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Any appeal against order of national
commission within 20 days to supreme court .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Note<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l16 level1 lfo12; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>I.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">AGMARK
(Agriculture & Marketing Act)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Govt. Give Grade <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l16 level1 lfo12; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>II.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ISI
(Indian Standard Institution) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This Mark denote a standard of Quality
laid down by bureau of Indian Standards after stringent Check.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l16 level1 lfo12; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>III.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">HALLMARK<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">BSI Issue Hallmarking of Gold <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l16 level1 lfo12; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>IV.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">WOOLMARK<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specifies pure new wool<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-1309991793781708682014-09-02T23:57:00.002-07:002014-09-02T23:57:49.263-07:00CHALLENGE TO DEMOCRACY<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; font-size: 20pt; text-transform: uppercase;">challenge
to democracy</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Souvenir Lt BT', serif; font-size: 14pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> We
usually call only those difficulties a ‘challenge’ which are significant and
which can be overcome. A challenge is a difficulty that carries within it an
opportunity for progress. Once we overcome a challenge we go up to a higher
level than before.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> At
least one fourth of the globe is still not under democratic government. The
challenge for democracy in these parts of the world is very stark.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; text-transform: uppercase;">foundational
challenge</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Non-Democratic
countries face the <b>foundational challenge </b>of making the transition to
democracy and then instituting democratic government. This involves bringing
down the existing non-democratic regime, keeping military away from controlling
government and establishing a sovereign and functional state.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Examples</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">1. <b>Restoration
of Democracy in Chile</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Military
coup in Chile (1973). Salvador Allende the President of Chile died in Military
attack. Pinochet’s military dictatorship came to end after he decided to hold a
referendum in 1988.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">2. <b>Democracy
in Poland<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Polish
united worker’s party (communist party) deafeated by Solidarity under the
leadership of Lech Walesha. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">3. <b>Case
of Ghana (Gold Coast)<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> President
Kwame Nkrumah overthrown by military in 1966.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">4. <b>Case
of Myanmar<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The
National League for democracy led by Aung San Su Kyi (Soo-chi) won election in
1990. She was put into house arrest. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">5. <b>Case
of China <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Communist
party adopts economic reforms but maintain monopoly over political power. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; text-transform: uppercase;">challenge of
expansion</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The established democracies face the <b>challenge of
expansion</b>. This involves applying the basic principle of democratic
government across all the regions, different social groups and various
institutions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Ensuring
greater power to local governments, extension of federal principle to all the
units of the federation, inclusion of women and minority groups, etc., falls
under this challenge. This also means that less and less decisions should
remain outside the arena of democratic control.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Example</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">1. <b>Sri
Lanka </b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In
Sri Lanka democratically elected government adopted a series of ‘Majoritarian’
measures to establish Sinhala supermacy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">2. <b>US,
Civil Rights </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Blacks
have won equal rights, but are still poor, less educated and marginalised. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">3. <b>Saudi
Arabia</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Women
not allowed to take part in public activities, no freedom of religion for
minorities. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">4. <b>US,
Guantanamo Bay</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> UN
Secretary General calls this a violation of international law, US refused to
respond. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; text-transform: uppercase;">challenge of
deepening of democracy </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">The challenge of <b>deepening of democracy </b>is faced by
every democracy in one form or another. This involves strengthening of the
institutions and practices of democracy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> In
general terms, it usually means strengthening those institutions that help
people’s participation and control. This requires an attempt to bring down the
control and influence of the rich and powerful people in making governmental
decision.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Example</span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">1. <b>United
Nation and US</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The
US and its allies like Britain, alleged that Iraq possessed secret nuclear
weapons and other ‘weapons of mass destruction. But when a UN team went to Iraq
to search for such weapons, it did not find any. Still the US and its allies
invaded Iraq, occupied it and removed Saddam Hussein from power in 2003.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">2. <b>Security
Council </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The
fifteen member Security Council of the UN takes any decision about what action
should be taken in a conflict between different countries. The Council has five
permanent members - US. Russia, UK, France and China. Ten other members are
elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms. The real power is with five
permanent members. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">3. <b>IMF
</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> International
Monetary Fund (IMF) is one of the biggest moneylenders for any country in the
world. Its 188 member states (as on 1 September 2012) do not have equal voting
rights. The vote of each country is weighed by how much money it has
contributed to the IMF. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; text-transform: uppercase;">political reforms<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">All the suggestions or proposals about overcoming various
challenges to democracy are called ‘democratic reform’ or ‘political reform’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Carefully
devised changes in law can help to discourage wrong political practices and
encourage good ones. But legal-constitutional changes by themselves cannot
overcome challenges to democracy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Any
legal change must carefully look at what results it will have on politics.
Sometimes the results may be counter-productive. For eg. many states have
banned people who have more than two children from contesting panchayat
elections. This has resulted in denial of democratic opportunity to many poor
and women, which was not intended. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Generally,
laws that seek to ban something are not very successful in politics. The best
laws are those which empower people to carry out democratic reforms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 5.65pt 0in 5.65pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> <b>Example</b>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The
Right to Information Act is a good example of a law that empowers the people to
find out what is happening in government and act as watchdogs of democracy.
Such a law helps to control corruption and supplements the existing laws that
banned corruption and imposed strict penalties.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Any
proposal for political reforms should think not only about what is a good
solution but also about who will implement it and how. It is not very wise to
think that the legislatures will pass legislations that go against the interest
of all the political parties and MPs.
But measures that rely on democratic movements, citizens’ organisations and the
media are likely to succeed. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT"; text-transform: uppercase;">redefining democracy<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">Democracy is a form of government in which the rulers are
elected by the people. We can have democracy in a real sense only when people
and politicians overcome the barriers of caste and religion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> The
rulers elected by people must take all the major decisions; elections must
offer a choice and fair opportunity to the people to change the current rulers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> This
choice and opportunity should be available to all the people on an equal basis;
the exercise of this choice must lead to a government limited by basic rules of
the constitution and citizens’ rights.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> Power
sharing is the spirit of democracy. Power sharing between governments and
social groups is necessary in a democracy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";"> A
good democracy is what we think it is and what we wish to make it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8765480134636864450.post-12179775565849164342014-08-31T22:34:00.001-07:002016-08-31T23:08:20.735-07:00OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 19pt;">OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , serif; font-size: 14pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , serif; font-size: 14pt; text-transform: uppercase;">introduction</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Chapter deals with the expected and actual outcomes of
democracy in various respects, quality of government, economic well-being,
inequality, social differences and conflict and finally freedom and dignity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;">assessment of democracy’s outcomes<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Democracy is better because it :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(i) </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Promotes equality among citizens;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(ii) </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Enhances the dignity of the individual;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(iii) </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Improves the quality of decision making;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(iv) </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Provides a method to resolve conflicts;
and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(v)</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Allows room to
correct mistakes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> But
not all people would be satisfied with the democracy in practice. So we face a
dilemma : democracy is seen to be good in principle, but felt to be not so good
in its practice. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> The
first step towards thinking carefully about the outcomes of democracy is to
recognise that democracy is just a form of government. It can only create
conditions for achieving something. The citizens have to take advantage of
those conditions and achieve those goals.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Prudential reasons to support Democracy</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; text-transform: uppercase;">accountable and responsIVE government </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">The most basic outcome of democracy should be that it
produces a government that is accountable to the citizens, and responsive to the needs and expectations of
the citizens.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 5.65pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Is
democratic government effective and efficient?</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Some
people think that democracy produces less effective government. It is, of
course, true that non-democratic rulers do not have to bother about
deliberation in assemblies or worry about majorities and public opinion. So,
they can be very quick and efficient in decision making and implementation.
Democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation. So, some delay
is bound to take place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> The
democratic government will take more time to follow procedures before arriving
at a decision. But because it has followed procedures, its decisions may be
both more acceptable to the people and more effective. So, the cost of time
that democracy pays is perhaps worth it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">A citizen who wants to know if a decision was taken through
the correct procedures can find this out. She has the right and the means to
examine the process of decision making. This is known as <b>transparency</b>.
This factor is often missing from a non-democratic government.</span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Souvenir Lt BT";">( RTI Act 2005)<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">The democratic government develops mechanisms for citizens to
hold the government accountable and mechanisms for citizens to take part in
decision making whenever they think fit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Some
disadvantages of democracy<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Democracies have had greater success in setting up regular
and free elections and in setting up conditions for open public debate. But
most democracies fall short of elections that provide a fair chance to everyone
and in subjecting every decision to public debate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Democratic governments do not have a very good record when it
comes to sharing information with citizens. All one can say in favour of
democratic regimes is that they are much better than any non-democratic regime
in these respects.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Democracies often frustrate the needs of the people and often
ignore the demands of a majority of its population. The routine tales of
corruption are enough to convince us that democracy is not free to this evil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;">Democracy and legitimate government</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">There is one respect in which democratic government is
certainly better than its alternative : democratic government is legitimate government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> That
is why there is an overwhelming support for the idea of democracy all over the
world.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> The
support exists in countries with democratic regimes as well as countries
without democratic regimes. People wish to be ruled by representatives elected
by them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Democracy’s ability to generate its own support is itself an
outcome that cannot be ignored.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;"> economic outcomes of democracy<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">All democracies and all dictatorships for the fifty years
between 1950 and 2000, dictatorships have slightly higher rate of economic
growth. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">But when compare their record only in poor countries, their
is virtually no difference<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Reduction of
inequality and poverty <span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Democracies are based on political equality. i.e. one vote
one value. But we find growth in economic inequalities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">A small number of ultra-rich enjoy a highly disproportionate
share of wealth and incomes. Not only that, their share in the total income of
the country has been increasing. The bottom of the society have very little to
depend upon. Their incomes have been declining. Sometimes they find it
difficult to meet their basic needs of life, such as food, clothing, house,
education and health.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 6.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">In democratic countries like South Africa and Brazil, the top
20 per cent people take away more than 60 per cent of the national income,
leaving less than 3 per cent for the bottom 20 per cent population. Countries
like Denmark and Hungary are much better in this respect. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 6.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">The poor constitute a large proportion of our voters and no
party will like to lose their votes.Democracy is the rule of majority and the poor are in majority.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> The
situation is much worse in some other countries. In Bangladesh, more than half
of its population lives in poverty. People in several poor countries are now
dependent on the rich countries even for food supplies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;">accommodation of social diversity<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Democracies
leads to peaceful life among citizens. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Democracies accommodate various social divisions. Ex. Belgium
has successfully negotiated difference among ethnic populations. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Ability
to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts is thus a definite plus
point of democratic regimes. But the example of Sri Lanka reminds us that a
democracy must fulfil two conditions in order to achieve this outcome, namely
harmony and accomodation of minority with majority.</span><b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> It
is necessary to understand that democracy is not simply rule by majority
opinion. The majority always needs to work with the minority so that governments
function to represent the general view. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> It
is also necessary that rule by majority does not become rule by majority
community in terms of religion or race or linguistic group, etc. Rule by
majority means that in case of every decision or in case of every election,
different persons and groups may and can form a majority. Democracy remains
democracy only as long as every citizen has a chance of being in majority at
some point of time. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;">dignity and freedom of the citizens<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Democracy
stands much superior to any other form of government in promoting dignity and
freedom of the individual. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Democracies throughout the world have recognised this, at
least in principle. This has been achieved in various degrees in various democracies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Societies around world have been built for long on the basis
of subordination and domination. For example, dignity of women. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Most societies across the world were historically <b>Patriarchal
</b>societies. <b>Feminist Movements</b> have created some sensitivity today,
that respect to and equal treatment of women are necessary ingredients of a
democratic society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Democracy in India has strengthened the claims of the
disadvantaged and discriminated castes for equal opportunity. There are
instances still to caste-based inequalities and atrocities, but these lack the
moral and legal foundations. People have democratic rights.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">As people get some benefits of democracy, they ask for more
and want to make democracy even better. That is why, when we ask people about the way democracy functions,
they will always come up with more expectations, and many complaints.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt;">®</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">A public expression of dissatisfaction with democracy shows
the success of the democratic. Most individuals today believe that
their vote makes a difference to the way the government is run and to their own
self-interest.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="text-indent: -47.2667px;"><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14pt;">®</span></b><span style="text-indent: -47.2667px;"><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><b> </b>In Nepal 75%, India 67%, Bangladesh 66%, Sri Lanka 65%, Pakistan 50% </span></span><br />
<span style="text-indent: -47.2667px;"><span style="font-family: "souvenir lt bt" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> Voters says that their vote makes a difference.</span></span></div>
</div>
satish vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17766103978426484381noreply@blogger.com1